Three-dimensional modeling and animation of two carpal bones: a technique

Dynamic Biomechanical Evaluation of the Dorsal Intercarpal Ligament Repair for Scapholunate Instability

“…10,12 The CT slices were reconstructed into 3-dimensional objects that were animated using the kinematic data. The resulting animation allowed a 3-dimensional visualization of the carpal bones moving and a direct comparison of the kinematics before and after ligament sectioning.…”

Biomechanical evaluation of the ligamentous stabilizers of the scaphoid and lunate: Part II

“…By using the kinematic data recorded in the wrist simulator during a motion the models of the scaphoid and lunate were moved similarly in the animation software. 21 The surface-rendered models also were exported to another software program (Geomagic; Raindrop Geomagic, Research Park Triangle, NC) that converted each surface-rendered bone into solid objects that could be viewed in computer-aided design software (Solid Works; Solid Works, Concord, MA). In-house software, written in Cϩϩ and integrated into the software program used (Solid Works), permitted us to determine the minimum distance between the scaphoid and lunate in the static neutral wrist position and at all flexion-extension or radialulnar deviation positions during a motion, when the wrist was intact, or after sectioning of the various ligaments.…”

“…In-house software, written in Cϩϩ and integrated into the software program used (Solid Works), permitted us to determine the minimum distance between the scaphoid and lunate in the static neutral wrist position and at all flexion-extension or radialulnar deviation positions during a motion, when the wrist was intact, or after sectioning of the various ligaments. 21 These distances were computed in 15 of the 24 arms (5 arms in each of the 3 groups). In the other 9 arms the sensor and sensor support posts of the carpals were moved by the expanding foam after the arm was placed in the foam box before CT scanning.…”

Treatment of Scapholunate Dissociation With a Bioresorbable Polymer Plate: A Biomechanical Study

“…21,27 The CT slices were reconstructed into three-dimensional objects that were animated using the kinematic data. The resulting animation allowed a three-dimensional visualization of the carpal bones in motion and a direct comparison of the kinematics before and after ligament sectioning.…”

“…In addition, the minimum distance between the scaphoid and lunate was calculated 27 with the wrist in a static neutral position as well as during all flexionextension and radioulnar deviation positions. The distances were computed for the intact case as well as after sectioning the ligaments, after surgical repair, and after 1,000 cycles of motion.…”