Three-dimensional microstructural analysis of human trabecular bone in relation to its mechanical properties

Uchiyama, Toru; Tanizawa, Tatsuhiko; Muramatsu, Hirotada; Endo, Naoto; Takahashi, Hideaki; Hara, Toshiaki

doi:10.1016/s8756-3282(99)00188-x

Cited by 76 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…23,24) Previous studies on the femurs of rats and mouse 20,25) has verified that there was a strong correlation between bone strength and BSI (bone strength index), which was the combination of cross-sectional moment of inertia (geometrical property) and BMD. No obvious influence of ovariectomy in short-to mid-term on bone strength in femoral diaphysis could be explained by the following two respects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Short- to Mid-Term Effects of Ovariectomy on Bone Turnover, Bone Mass and Bone Strength in Rats

Zhang

Lai

Leung

et al. 2007

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Osteoporosis (OP) that is associated with ovarian hormone deficiency following menopause is by far the most common cause of age-related bone loss. Postmenopausal osteoporosis (POP) has become a major problem with significant morbidity and mortality.1) Bone loss induced by ovariectomy in rats has been widely used as a model of POP and has been validated as a clinically relevant model of this condition in human.Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) are non-invasive bone densitometry methods used in clinical settings for assessment of bone density as well as the efficacy of treatment for osteoporosis. 2,3) pQCT provides measurement of volumetric bone densities (vBMD, total and cortical bone mineral density) as well as a set of geometric variables including cross-sectional area; while DEXA provides measurements of bone mineral content (BMC) and the area of the scanned region and areal bone mineral density. Although DEXA is one of the most commonly used clinical methods for measurement of bone mass, it is not ideal for use in animal studies and clinical trials due to its inability to distinguish between cancellous and cortical bone 4) and provide limited information regarding bone architecture. 5) In contrast, pQCT is now the method of choice as it can provide vBMD, differentiate cortical and trabecular bone compartments and perform in vivo measurement of histomorphometric parameters like endosteal and periosteal circumferences, total and cross-sectional bone areas. 6)As an alternative to four-point bending testing, three-point bending testing has become more widely used for the evaluation of whole bone strength. Although the two testing modalities are complementary to some extent, when describing the mechanical characteristics of bone, it appears that four-point bending testing has some disadvantages, which requires that the force at each loading point be equal. This requirement is simple to achieve in regularly shaped specimens but difficult to achieve in whole bone tests. 7) Therefore, three-point bending is used more often for measuring the mechanical properties of bones from rodents.The differential responses of bone properties to the mid-to long-term effects of ovariectomy in rats has been widely studied, [8][9][10][11][12][13] and simultaneously efficacy testing of potential chemicals for anti-POP in ovariectomized (OVX) rats was also conducted in a duration of mid-to long time. Previous studies showed that the earliest statistically significant time of cancellous bone loss of rats in the proximal tibial metaphysis (PTM), lumbar vertebral body (LVB) and femoral neck (FN) occurring at 14, 60 and 30 d post ovariectomy, respectively, and the time of 50% bone loss for the PTM was 30-60 d, 8,9) and for LVB and FN was 180-270 d. 10,11) While the earliest changes in cortical bone width and medullary cavity size to be between 90-120 d and to reach a steady state often 180 d or more.12,13) These suggested that influence of ovariectomy on bones showed site-and tim...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Short- to Mid-Term Effects of Ovariectomy on Bone Turnover, Bone Mass and Bone Strength in Rats

Zhang

Lai

Leung

et al. 2007

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…Even though the thickness of the trabeculae varies in a certain range, the average ratio rlL m can be estimated in the order of 0.1 from images obtained by microcomputed tomography [34,35]. A bone undergoes loading and unloading due to the daily activity and, considering the simplest case of uniaxial loading, the maximum elastic energy in each strut correlates with its orientation as shown previously.…”

Section: B Biological Materialsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Energy distribution in disordered elastic networks

Plaza

2010

Phys. Rev. E

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Disordered networks are found in many natural and artificial materials, from gels or cytoskeletal structures to metallic foams or bones. Here, the energy distribution in this type of networks is modeled, taking into account the orientation of the struts. A correlation between the orientation and the energy per unit volume is found and described as a function of the connectivity in the network and the relative bending stiffness of the struts. If one or both parameters have relatively large values, the struts aligned in the loading direction present the highest values of energy. On the contrary, if these have relatively small values, the highest values of energy can be reached in the struts oriented transversally. This result allows explaining in a simple way remodeling processes in biological materials, for example, the remodeling of trabecular bone and the reorganization in the cytoskeleton. Additionally, the correlation between the orientation, the affinity, and the bending-stretching ratio in the network is discussed.

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“…Surely, examiner dependence might be a limitation of the study using the method applied, but it provides the vital advantage that each step of the trabecular analysis can be critically controlled. Other trabecular analysis methods described in the literature either do not provide the possibility to examine each single trabecula of the trabecular systems [Elke et al, 1995;Uchiyama et al, 1999;Stiehl et al, 2007], are predominantly developed for mechanical analyses with limited suitability for structural examinations [Mullender et al, 1998;Homminga et al, 2002;Van Rietbergen et al, 2003], or would have ensued immense complexity and costs [Brismar et al, 1999]. The method used in this study is a simple, innovative technique for the investigation of the trabecular structure in the cancellous bone; the results can serve as a basis for the reasonable and specific application of more complex and costly procedures.…”

Section: Study Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, a completely different approach to inferring a force distribution pattern on the human proximal femur has been applied: since the internal trabecular system of bone tissue aligns with the principal stresses, a widely accepted concept [Pauwels, 1954;Rydell, 1973;Osborne et al, 1980;Fyhrie and Carter, 1986;Kerr et al, 1986;Biewener et al, 1996;Cody et al, 1996;Smit et al, 1997;Turner et al, 1997;Uchiyama et al, 1999;Birnbaum et al, 2001;Gomberg et al, 2003;Ruimerman et al, 2003;Kinney et al, 2005], analysis of this internal bone structure may help to clarify the direction of forces acting on bone tissue. In this way, bone itself can serve as a record of its biomechanical history [Carter et al, 1989] and can provide a basis to examine which of the two biomechanical models in question reflects the physiologic situation most appropriately.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Function-Orientated Structural Analysis of the Proximal Human Femur

Skuban

Vogel

Baur‐Melnyk³

et al. 2009

Cells Tissues Organs

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In his model of the biomechanics of the proximal human femur, Friedrich Pauwels assumes a resultant force acting on the femoral head that is created by the partial body weight and the force of the abductor muscles inserting at the greater trochanter. This model suggests a tensile force in the region of the greater trochanter. An exact examination of the muscle insertions at the greater trochanter resulted in a contrasting hypothesis assuming a local compression stress in the region of the greater trochanter. The aim of this study was to examine which hypothesis is favored by the internal architecture of the proximal femur. Based on the architectural software Allplan®, we performed an extended analysis of the trabecular structure within the proximal femur using CT scans of 10 human cadaver femora altogether. According to our results, both the medial and the trochanteric trabecular systems are orientated approximately perpendicular to the arcuate trabecular system [angles between systems ranging from 84.6 to 93.0° (mean angle 90.7°) and from 80.9 to 86.5°, (mean angle 84.9°), respectively]; furthermore, the medial trabecular system is orientated perpendicular to the epiphysis of the femoral head (mean of angles: 94.7°). The biomechanical interpretation of these results strongly supports the idea of compressive stress in the region of the greater trochanter and makes a predominant tensile force of the abductor muscles highly unlikely.

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Three-dimensional microstructural analysis of human trabecular bone in relation to its mechanical properties

Cited by 76 publications

References 35 publications

Short- to Mid-Term Effects of Ovariectomy on Bone Turnover, Bone Mass and Bone Strength in Rats

Short- to Mid-Term Effects of Ovariectomy on Bone Turnover, Bone Mass and Bone Strength in Rats

Energy distribution in disordered elastic networks

Function-Orientated Structural Analysis of the Proximal Human Femur

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