Three‐Dimensional Measurement of Particle Shape

Bujak, Beate; Bottlinger, Michael

doi:10.1002/ppsc.200800027

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…For a crystalline particle, such as the one shown in Figure 1a that has 26 faces, its shape and size can be represented by the normal distance of each face to the geometrical center 12, 13. Using the same method to define the shape and size of an noncrystalline, irregularly shaped particle in two dimension (2D), such as the one shown in Figure 1b,18, 19 the distance of every pixel at the edge to the geometric center of the object is required. To describe the shape and size of the same object in three dimension (3D), Figure 1c, it requires the distances to the geometric center of the particle from all the points on the particle surface.…”

Section: Shape Description In Pc Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological population balance model in principal component space

Wang

Cai

2009

AIChE Journal

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Multidimensional and morphological population balance (PB) models for crystallization processes have been proposed in literature, which can be used to simulate the dynamic evolution of particle shape as well as particle size distribution. These models, however, can become computationally expensive when the crystal has a large number of independent faces, and are not applicable to noncrystalline, irregularly shaped particles such as those encountered in granulation and milling. This article addresses these challenges by introducing principal component analysis (PCA) into morphological PB modeling. PCA transforms the shape description of a particle from a high-dimensional domain to a lower dimensional, principal component (PC) space. Morphological PB models can then be built in this latent variable space, greatly reducing the computational complexity. It also makes it possible to model noncrystalline irregularly shaped particles. The original particle shape at any time can be reconstructed from the PCs.

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Section: Shape Description In Pc Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological population balance model in principal component space

Wang

Cai

2009

AIChE Journal

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“…An imaging system using a flow through cell with one camera and two mirrors was developed to obtain 3‐D information of crystals grown from solution . A few of three‐cameras imaging systems were also developed to characterize 3‐D shape of free‐falling particles (100 µm ∼ 4 mm) or 3‐D information of a wound area . However, all these binocular and three‐camera imaging systems are not designed to be used in a reactor for direct measurement of crystal size and shape evolution and the objects to be characterized are normally at millimeter scale, hence not being suitable for micron‐sized crystals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereo imaging of crystal growth

2015

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1 SignificanceA methodology that directly images the full three-dimensional shape of crystals within a crystalliser is reported. It is based on the mathematical principle that if the two-dimensional images of an object are obtained from two or more different angles, the full three-dimensional crystal shape could be reconstructed. A prototype instrument is built and proof of concept study carried out to demonstrate the potentials in using the system for three-dimensional measurement of crystal shape and shape distribution. It is our belief that 3D measurement of crystal shape represents a significant step forward from existing work of 2D measurement of crystal morphology and is potentially of great significance to research towards closed-loop control of crystal morphology.

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“…This is in addition to the traditional three orthogonal projections that are typically used to represent 3D objects. The reverse is the idea behind 3D shape reconstruction from three orthogonal shadow images (i.e., projections) (Bujak and Bottlinger, 2008). The reconstructed shape may be inaccurate for some applications but better than 2D measurements in determining shape factors (Kuo et al, 1996).…”

Section: D Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in shape measurement in the digital world

Jia

Garboczi

2016

Particuology

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The importance of particle shape in affecting the behaviour of powders and other particulate systems has long been recognised, but until fairly recently particle shape information has been rather difficult to obtain and use compared to its more well-known companion -particle size. Because of advances in computing power and 3D image acquisition and analysis techniques, the measurement, description and application of particle shape has experienced a great leap forward in recent years. Since we are in a digital era, it is befitting that many of these advanced techniques are digitally based. This review article aims to trace the development of these new techniques, highlight their contributions to both academic and practical applications, and present a future perspective.Partial contribution of NIST not subject to US copyright Keywords: particle shape; digital methods; review; shape measurement; spherical harmonics; X-ray tomography IntroductionEveryone whose job involves dealing with particles probably agrees that particle size is one of the most important parameters characterising particles. Many also appreciate that, for non-spherical particles, there is no such thing as "the" particle size, since the so-called size may have many different values depending on the method of measurement, definition and the purpose of (Jennings and Parslow, 1988;Allen, 2003). This is all because of particle shape. Non-spherical particles do not have the isotropy of a sphere, meaning the result of even a direct measurement of its linear dimension may vary with the direction of measurement. Think about a pebble being measured with a ruler by hand or virtually in a computer. Results from indirect measurements (e.g., by light scattering or sedimentation) are different even for spheres (Andrès et al, 1996;Allen, 2003), let alone non-spherical particles (Black et al, 1996;Mühlenweg and Hirleman, 1998;Naito et al, 1998;Walther, 2003;Xu and Di Guida, 2003; Eshel et al, 2004;Blott and Pye, 2006;Xu, 2006;Agrawal et al, 2008;Tinke et al, 2008;DiStefano et al, 2010;Califice et al, 2013).In theory, particle shape can be as important as particle size for the characterization of particles for various applications. For example, many physical properties of powders, including effective conductivity, mechanical strength, and flowability, depend on contact characteristics between the particles. Regardless of size, contact characteristics between spheres are very different from those between non-spherical particles. Spheres have only point contacts. Although in reality such point contacts do have a finite size (contact area and depth), their size and distribution around spherical particles are comparatively much more uniform than for non-spherical particles. Non-spherical particles can have area (face) and line (edge) contacts as well as point contacts. Considering the mechanisms underlying the properties such as shear resistance, flowability, electrical, and thermal conductivity, it should be obvious that particle contact characteristics have a...

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Three‐Dimensional Measurement of Particle Shape

Cited by 32 publications

References 3 publications

Morphological population balance model in principal component space

Morphological population balance model in principal component space

Stereo imaging of crystal growth

Advances in shape measurement in the digital world

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