“…According to the different mechanical structures and movement modes of robots, they are usually divided into fluid type, wheel type, crawler type, crawling type, creeping type, spiral type, and bionic type 2 . Among them, the typical ones are the earthworm creeping pipeline robot developed by Chuo University in Japan 3 , and an elliptical crawler pipeline robot developed by Longgu University in Japan 4 , Southwest Petroleum University has created an active screw pipe robot 5 , and Beijing Jiaotong University has created a mobile robot with multiple motion modes based on parallel mechanisms 6 . However, there are currently a number of issues with pipeline robots, including a single detection mode, a limited range of pipe diameter changes, and poor pipeline passing and adaptability.…”