Three-Dimensional Knee Joint Moments During Performance of the Bodyweight Squat: Effects of Stance Width and Foot Rotation

Almosnino, Sivan; Kingston, David G. I.; Graham, Ryan B.

doi:10.1123/jab.29.1.33

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Therefore reference length is not dependent on initial DVRT gauge length at the time of insertion. Tibiofemoral joint kinematics was calculated from marker position data based on techniques previously described (Almosnino et al, 2013; Balasubramanian, 2006). Briefly, a digitizing pointed probe fitted with a cluster of six irLED markers was used to define virtual markers on standard anatomical landmarks of tibia and femur (Hewett et al, 2005) with respect to the rigidly attached tibial and femoral irLED marker arrays.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uni-directional coupling between tibiofemoral frontal and axial plane rotation supports valgus collapse mechanism of ACL injury

Kiapour

Goel

et al. 2015

Journal of Biomechanics

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Despite general agreement on the effects of knee valgus and internal tibial rotation on anterior cruciate (ACL) loading, compelling debate persists on the interrelationship between these rotations and how they contribute to the multi-planar ACL injury mechanism. This study investigates coupling between knee valgus and internal tibial rotation and their effects on ACL strain as a quantifiable measure of injury risk. Nineteen instrumented cadaveric legs were imaged and tested under a range of knee valgus and internal tibial torques. Posterior tibial slope and the medial tibial depth, along with changes in tibiofemoral kinematics and ACL strain, were quantified. Valgus torque significantly increased knee valgus rotation and ACL strain (p<0.02), yet generated minimal coupled internal tibial rotation (p=0.537). Applied internal tibial torque significantly increased internal tibial rotation and ACL strain and generated significant coupled knee valgus rotation (p<0.001 for all comparisons). Similar knee valgus rotations (7.3° vs 7.4°) and ACL strain levels (4.4% vs 4.9%) were observed under 50 N-m of valgus and 20 N-m of internal tibial torques, respectively. Coupled knee valgus rotation under 20 N-m of internal tibial torque was significantly correlated with internal tibial rotation, lateral and medial tibial slopes, and medial tibial depth (R2>0.30; p<0.020). These findings demonstrate uni-directional coupling between knee valgus and internal tibial rotation in a cadaveric model. Although both knee valgus and internal tibial torques contribute to increased ACL strain, knee valgus rotation has the ultimate impact on ACL strain regardless of loading mode.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uni-directional coupling between tibiofemoral frontal and axial plane rotation supports valgus collapse mechanism of ACL injury

Kiapour

Goel

et al. 2015

Journal of Biomechanics

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“…The difference in adductor scores between conditions can be explained by the role of these muscles during back squat repetitions [87]. During the concentric phase of a back squat, hip adduction and internal rotation assist the hip extension [88]. Hence, the deleterious effects of SMR on quadriceps strength may have exacerbated the demands for adductors contraction.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the effects of embedded self-massage practice on strength performance: A randomized crossover pilot trial

2021

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Background Self-administered massage interventions with a roller massager are commonly used as part of warm-ups and post-workout recovery routines. There is yet no clear consensus regarding the practical guidelines for efficient embedded interventions. Objectives The present randomized crossover pilot trial aimed at examining the effects of a rolling intervention with a roller massager embedded within the rests periods of a resistance training protocol. The rolling intervention targeted quadriceps muscles. Setting Participants (n = 14) performed two resistance training protocols expected to elicit momentary muscle failure. The protocol consisted in 10 sets of 10 rest-pause repetitions of back squats, with a poundage set up at 50% of the maximal one-repetition. Two min were allocated to recovery between sets. During the recovery periods, participants completed a rolling routine with a roller massager for 60 s (Roller-massager), or underwent passive recovery (Control). The total workload, concentric power, thigh circumference rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) from 24 h to 120 h after completion of the protocol were the dependent variables. Results Roller-massager was associated with a reduction in total workload (-11.6%), concentric power (-5.1%) and an increase in perceived exertion compared to Control (p < 0.05). Roller-massager was also associated with reduced thigh circumference after the resistance training protocol, indicating reduced muscle swelling, and reduced DOMS 24 h to 120 h post-workout (p < 0.001). Conclusion These findings support that embedded rolling with a roller massager hinders performance and increases effort perception. Embedded interventions may not be suitable during conditioning periods designed to maximize training intensity.

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“…The combination allowed a theoretical maximal continuous torque of 47.23 N·m, which matches the mean value of the maximal knee flexion/extension torque for the bodyweight squats as reported in [34]. An external power source was used.…”

Section: Robotic Knee Exoskeletonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Robotic Knee Exoskeleton on Human Energy Expenditure

Gams

Petrič

Debevec

et al. 2013

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

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Abstract-A number of studies discuss the design and control of various exoskeleton mechanisms, yet relatively few address the effect on the energy expenditure of the user. In this paper, we discuss the effect of a performance augmenting exoskeleton on the metabolic cost of an able-bodied user/pilot during periodic squatting. We investigated whether an exoskeleton device will significantly reduce the metabolic cost and what is the influence of the chosen device control strategy. By measuring oxygen consumption, minute ventilation, heart rate, blood oxygenation, and muscle EMG during 5-min squatting series, at one squat every 2 s, we show the effects of using a prototype robotic knee exoskeleton under three different noninvasive control approaches: gravity compensation approach, position-based approach, and a novel oscillator-based approach. The latter proposes a novel control that ensures synchronization of the device and the user. Statistically significant decrease in physiological responses can be observed when using the robotic knee exoskeleton under gravity compensation and oscillator-based control. On the other hand, the effects of position-based control were not significant in all parameters although all approaches significantly reduced the energy expenditure during squatting.

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Three-Dimensional Knee Joint Moments During Performance of the Bodyweight Squat: Effects of Stance Width and Foot Rotation

Cited by 25 publications

References 37 publications

Uni-directional coupling between tibiofemoral frontal and axial plane rotation supports valgus collapse mechanism of ACL injury

Uni-directional coupling between tibiofemoral frontal and axial plane rotation supports valgus collapse mechanism of ACL injury

Evaluating the effects of embedded self-massage practice on strength performance: A randomized crossover pilot trial

Effects of Robotic Knee Exoskeleton on Human Energy Expenditure

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