Three-dimensional kinematic comparison of treadmill and overground running

Sinclair, Jonathan Kenneth; Richards, Jim; Taylor, Paul J.; Edmundson, Christopher James; Brooks, Darrell; Hobbs, Sarah Jane

doi:10.1080/14763141.2012.759614

Cited by 99 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The results of the current investigation provide further evidence for the existence of planar crosstalk and agree with the conclusions of Sinclair et al [10], Lees et al [11] and Kadaba et al [12]. Observation of the angular profiles and statistical data suggests that it was stable across the range of joints in all planes of rotation and typically (although not universally) associated with the lowest degree of crosstalk.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Sinclair et al [3] examined only ankle joint kinematics, during which no significant alterations were observed, thus it is likely Sinclair et al [3] were overly expansive in their conclusions having only considered ankle joint kinematics during gait. Secondly, the extent of sagittal plane movement during cycling is considerably greater than during normal running gait [10], thus the potential for alterations in the sagittal plane waveforms is accentuated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of different Cardan sequences on three-dimensional cycling kinematics

Sinclair¹,

Hebron²,

Hurst³

et al. 2018

Hum Mov.

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Purpose. Three-dimensional (3-D) kinematics are widely utilized to quantify movement in cycling analyses. Three-dimensional angular kinematics are obtained using the Euler/Cardan technique, however, Cardan angles are influenced by their ordered sequence and may affect the resultant angular parameters. An XYZ sequence of rotations is currently recommended, although this technique may not always be appropriate when coronal and transverse plane angles are quantified. This study aimed to determine the influence of the six available Cardan sequences on 3-D lower extremity kinematics during cycling. Methods. Kinematic information was obtained from twelve cyclists using an optoelectronic 3-D motion capture system operating at 250 Hz. repeated measures ANOVAs were used to compare the kinematic parameters obtained using the six Cardan sequences, and intraclass correlations were employed to detect the presence of crosstalk across planes. Results. The results show that discrete kinematic parameters in the sagittal, coronal and transverse planes were significantly greater when using the YXZ and ZXY sequences. It was also observed that these sequences were associated with the strongest correlations from the sagittal plane and also exhibited evidence of gimbal lock. Conclusions. The results suggest that the accurate representation of 3-D kinematics during cycling should continue utilizing the XYZ sequence and avoid the use of the YXZ and ZXY sequences.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of different Cardan sequences on three-dimensional cycling kinematics

Sinclair¹,

Hebron²,

Hurst³

et al. 2018

Hum Mov.

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“…Several studies have compared motorised treadmill vs overground locomotion to examine kinematics [1], ground reaction forces [2] and muscular activation differences [3,4,5]. Similarly, non-motorised treadmill and overground locomotion have been compared for 5000 m performance time, electromyography (EMG), blood lactate, oxygen uptake kinetics, heart rate [6], maximal sprinting performance [7] and 6-minute walk distance [8] that have all highlighted dissimilarities between the conditions which could affect the mechanical loading environment and also the musculoskeletal adaptations generated by different locomotion conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tibial impacts and muscle activation during walking, jogging and running when performed overground, and on motorised and non-motorised treadmills

et al. 2016

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Please cite this article as: Montgomery G, Abt G, Dobson C, Smith T, Ditroilo M.Tibial impacts and muscle activation during walking, jogging and running when performed overground, and on motorised and non-motorised treadmills.Gait and Posture http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.gaitpost.2016.06.037 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.  Non-motorised treadmill locomotion increases lower limb muscular activation. Non-motorised treadmill locomotion decreases cycle time/increases step frequency. AbstractPurpose: To examine tibial acceleration and muscle activation during overground (OG), motorised treadmill (MT) and non-motorised treadmill conditions (NMT) when walking, jogging and running at matched velocities.Methods: An accelerometer recorded acceleration at the mid-tibia and surface EMG electrodes recorded rectus femoris (RF), semitendinosus (ST), tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus (SL) muscle activation during OG, MT and NMT locomotion whilst walking, jogging and running.Results: The NMT produced large reductions in tibial acceleration when compared with OG and MT conditions across walking, jogging and running conditions. RF EMG was small-moderately higher in the NMT condition when compared with the OG and MT conditions across walking, jogging and running conditions. ST EMG showed large and very large increases in the NMT when compared to OG and MT conditions during walking whilst SL EMG found large increases on the NMT when compared to OG and MT conditions during running. The NMT condition generated very large increases in step frequency when compared to OG and MT conditions during walking, with large and very large decreases during jogging and very large decreases during running. Conclusions:The NMT generates large reductions in tibial acceleration, moderate to very large increases in muscular activation and large to very large decreases in cycle time when compared to OG and MT locomotion. Whilst this may decrease the osteogenic potential of NMT locomotion, there may be uses for NMTs during rehabilitation for lower limb injuries.

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“…As overground running is still the most common running modality, the generalizability of the findings is limited. because running mechanics have been shown to differ between treadmill and overground locomotion [23], future work should seek to repeat the present study using an overground running protocol. In addition, the positioning of the retroreflective markers onto the shoe may not have quantified movement of the foot within the shoe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of various running inclines on three-segment foot mechanics and plantar fascia strain

Sinclair¹,

Atkins²,

Vincent³

2018

Hum Mov.

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Purpose. There has yet to be a combined analysis of three-dimensional multi-segment foot kinematics and plantar fascia strain in running gait at various degrees of inclination. The aim of the current study was therefore to investigate the above during treadmill running at different inclines (0°, 5°, 10° and 15°). Methods. Twelve male participants ran at 4.0 m · s -1 in the four different inclinations. Three-dimensional kinematics of the foot segments and plantar fascia strain were quantified for each incline and contrasted using one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Results and conclusions. The results showed that plantar fascia strain increased significantly as a function of running incline. Given the projected association between plantar fascia strain and the aetiology of injury, inclined running may be associated with a greater incidence of injury to the plantar fascia.

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Three-dimensional kinematic comparison of treadmill and overground running

Cited by 99 publications

References 35 publications

The influence of different Cardan sequences on three-dimensional cycling kinematics

The influence of different Cardan sequences on three-dimensional cycling kinematics

Tibial impacts and muscle activation during walking, jogging and running when performed overground, and on motorised and non-motorised treadmills

The effects of various running inclines on three-segment foot mechanics and plantar fascia strain

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