Three-dimensional interactive and stereotactic atlas of head muscles and glands correlated with cranial nerves and surface and sectional neuroanatomy

2015

Brain Inf.

Self Cite

Despite numerous efforts, a fairly complete (holistic) anatomical model of the whole, normal, adult human brain, which is required as the reference in brain studies and clinical applications, has not yet been constructed. Our ultimate objective is to build this kind of atlas from advanced in vivo imaging. This work presents the taxonomy of our currently developed brain atlases and addresses the design, content, functionality, and current results in the holistic atlas development as well as atlas usefulness and future directions. We have developed to date 35 commercial brain atlases (along with numerous research prototypes), licensed to 63 companies and institutions, and made available to medical societies, organizations, medical schools, and individuals. These atlases have been applied in education, research, and clinical applications. Hundreds of thousands of patients have been treated by using our atlases. Based on this experience, the first version of the holistic and reference atlas of the brain, head, and neck has been developed and made available. The atlas has been created from multispectral 3 and 7 Tesla and high-resolution CT in vivo scans. It is fully 3D, scalable, interactive, and highly detailed with about 3,000 labeled components. This atlas forms a foundation for the development of a multi-level molecular, cellular, anatomical, physiological, and behavioral brain atlas platform.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s40708-015-0012-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward the holistic, reference, and extendable atlas of the human brain, head, and neck

2015

Brain Inf.

Self Cite

“…84 Several other components have already been addressed earlier, including the principles of atlas design, 15 atlas content, 15 functionality, 15 interaction, 90 software architecture, 63 aesthetic design 63 and validation of individual atlases. 63–70…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This new database has been created gradually over a decade. Initially, the gross anatomy has been built 63 followed by the construction of the intracranial vasculature (first from 3 T 64 followed by 3 and 7 T together), 65 white matter tracts, 66 cranial nerves, 67 head muscles and glands, 68 skull 69 and extracranial vasculature. 70…”

Section: Pastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human brain atlasing: past, present and future

2017

Neuroradiol J

We have recently witnessed an explosion of large-scale initiatives and projects addressing mapping, modeling, simulation and atlasing of the human brain, including the BRAIN Initiative, the Human Brain Project, the Human Connectome Project (HCP), the Big Brain, the Blue Brain Project, the Allen Brain Atlas, the Brainnetome, among others. Besides these large and international initiatives, there are numerous mid-size and small brain atlas-related projects. My contribution to these global efforts has been to create adult human brain atlases in health and disease, and to develop atlas-based applications. For over two decades with my R&D lab I developed 35 brain atlases, licensed to 67 companies and made available in about 100 countries. This paper has two objectives. First, it provides an overview of the state of the art in brain atlasing. Second, as it is already 20 years from the release of our first brain atlas, I summarise my past and present efforts, share my experience in atlas creation, validation and commercialisation, compare with the state of the art, and propose future directions.

“…The atlas of neurological disorders contains three main components: an anatomical atlas, a disorder atlas with the pathology database, and an editor to create and label lesions; all three components use the same brain manipulation operations available in the anatomy browser (Figure 1). The construction of the anatomy atlas from 3 and 7 Tesla scans (including design principles, data, methods, tools, anatomical content, features, functionality, content validation, and user interface) was described in detail earlier 3-7 . The pathology database correlates brain lesions with the resulting neurological disorders.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bridging Neuroanatomy, Neuroradiology and Neurology: Three-Dimensional Interactive Atlas of Neurological Disorders

Chua

2013

Neuroradiol J

Understanding brain pathology along with the underlying neuroanatomy and the resulting neurological deficits is of vital importance in medical education and clinical practice. To facilitate and expedite this understanding, we created a three-dimensional (3D) interactive atlas of neurological disorders providing the correspondence between a brain lesion and the resulting disorder(s). The atlas contains a 3D highly parcellated atlas of normal neuroanatomy along with a brain pathology database. Normal neuroanatomy is divided into about 2,300 components, including the cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, spinal cord, arteries, veins, dural sinuses, tracts, cranial nerves (CN), white matter, deep gray nuclei, ventricles, visual system, muscles, glands and cervical vertebrae (C1-C5). The brain pathology database contains 144 focal and distributed synthesized lesions (70 vascular, 36 CN-related, and 38 regional anatomy-related), each lesion labeled with the resulting disorder and associated signs, symptoms, and/or syndromes compiled from materials reported in the literature. The initial view of each lesion was preset in terms of its location and size, surrounding surface and sectional (magnetic resonance) neuroanatomy, and labeling of lesion and neuroanatomy. In addition, a glossary of neurological disorders was compiled and for each disorder materials from textbooks were included to provide neurological description. This atlas of neurological disorders is potentially useful to a wide variety of users ranging from medical students, residents and nurses to general practitioners, neuroanatomists, neuroradiologists and neurologists, as it contains both normal (surface and sectional) brain anatomy and pathology correlated with neurological disorders presented in a visual and interactive way.