Three-Dimensional Infrared Metamaterial with Asymmetric Transmission

Kenanakis, George; Xomalis, Angelos; Selimis, Alexandros; Vamvakaki, Maria; Farsari, Maria; Kafesaki, Maria; Soukoulis, Costas M.; Economou, E. N.

doi:10.1021/ph5003818

Cited by 127 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…[24]. It mainly consists of three stages: (i) the seeding, (ii) the reduction, and (iii) the plating.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our approach is based on DLW into a negative tone photoresist, where the dielectric template is coated with a conformal metal film. [21][22][23][24] In our case, the silver plating is achieved by incorporating metal binding monomers in the negative tone resin employed. [22][23][24] DLW into a positive tone photoresist followed by electroplating with gold is another approach already used to fabricate 3D plasmonic metaatoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[21][22][23][24] In our case, the silver plating is achieved by incorporating metal binding monomers in the negative tone resin employed. [22][23][24] DLW into a positive tone photoresist followed by electroplating with gold is another approach already used to fabricate 3D plasmonic metaatoms. [5,25] Gold helix and tapered-helix mid infrared metamaterials have already been realized utilizing the latter approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, this quenching molecule is an amine-based monomer, where the amine moieties serve as metal-binding sites allowing for the subsequent metallization of the prefabricated dielectric templates. [22,24] By employing the above mentioned approach based on diffusion-assisted DLW in combination with subsequent electroless silver plating, 3D twisted omega meta-atoms are successfully fabricated with feature sizes below the diffraction limit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D Chiral Plasmonic Metamaterials Fabricated by Direct Laser Writing: The Twisted Omega Particle

Sakellari

Yin

Nesterov

et al. 2017

Advanced Optical Materials

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and by exploiting their acute response to their immediate environment, a variety of novel applications have been realized such as negative indices of refraction, [3,4] broadband circular polarization devices, [5] and strongly twisted local electromagnetic fields for sensitive detection of chiral molecules. [6][7][8][9][10] In chiral media, optical activity is a result of the cross-coupling between electric and magnetic fields. Two classical approaches have been proposed to model the mechanisms of optical activity: [11,12] (a) the coupled oscillator model system, where optical activity arises from the coupling of two separate, noncollinear oscillators, and (b) the one-electron model system, where an electron is bound on a helix, giving electric and magnetic character to the optical transitions. Recently, the plasmonic analogue of the coupled oscillator model system, which consists of a system of two cornerstacked gold nanorods, was experimentally demonstrated. [13] This system resembles two coupled, vertically displaced electrons that carry out orthogonal harmonic oscillation driven by an external light field. In this work, we experimentally and theoretically study the plasmonic version of the one-electron model system, which comprises a loop-wire structure, namely the so-called "twisted omega particle." In this case, the 3D plasmonic meta-atom combines a small electric dipole antenna (the metallic wire) and a split-ring resonator (the loop), which exhibits a magnetic dipole resonance leading to a different electromagnetic response to RCP light and the left-handed one (LCP). [14,15] Results and Discussion Fabrication and Optical Characterization Fabrication ApproachTwisted omega architectures have already been theoretically studied and discussed as prototype for plasmonic structures with strong chiro-optical far-field response. [16][17][18][19] To this end, Helgert et al. utilized a layer-by-layer approach to fabricate an architecture reminiscent of the twisted omega by placing two L-shaped gold nanoparticles on top of each other and connected in the vertical direction. [20] Based on a combined spectroscopicThe plasmonic version of a 3D chiral meta-atom which consists of a loopwire structure, namely the so-called twisted omega particle, is experimentally realized. The structure is fabricated by direct laser writing and subsequent electroless silver plating, a novel technique capable of producing truly 3D photonic nanostructures. In this case, the metallic wire of finite length supports an electric dipole resonance, whereas the loop acts as a split-ring resonator which exhibits a magnetic dipole resonance, leading to the separation of right-handed circularly polarized light and the left-handed one. The arising optical activity is discussed in terms of a single oscillator model system used classically to describe the generation of natural optical activity in chiral media, and it is shown that the twisted omega particle acts as its exact plasmonic analogue.

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“…[24]. It mainly consists of three stages: (i) the seeding, (ii) the reduction, and (iii) the plating.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

3D Chiral Plasmonic Metamaterials Fabricated by Direct Laser Writing: The Twisted Omega Particle

Sakellari

Yin

Nesterov

et al. 2017

Advanced Optical Materials

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“…It has been shown 26,31 that for reciprocal materials AT is equivalent to the difference between cross-polarization conversion between two orthogonally polarized incidences. Thus, we can also write AT as the difference in the orthogonal transmittances for two mutually perpendicular polarized incidences in a given direction.…”

Section: ■ On the Origin Of At In Resonant Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The origin and limit of asymmetric transmission in chiral resonators

Nikhil

Alpeggiani

Kuipers

et al. 2017

2017 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe &Amp; European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

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We observe that the asymmetric transmission (AT) through photonic systems with a resonant chiral response is strongly related to the far-field properties of eigenmodes of the system. This understanding can be used to predict the AT for any resonant system from its complex eigenmodes. We find that the resonant chiral phenomenon of AT is related to, and is bounded by, the nonresonant scattering properties of the system. Using the principle of reciprocity, we determine a fundamental limit to the maximum AT possible for a single mode in any chiral resonator. We propose and follow a design route for a highly chiral dielectric photonic crystal structure that reaches this fundamental limit for AT. KEYWORDS: optical chirality, asymmetric transmission, nanophotonics, photonic crystals, coupled-mode theory A strong chiral response is essential for realizing devices that can manipulate the polarization of light. Natural chiral materials rely on bulk properties including birefringence and result in thick and bulky devices for polarization control. Much stronger chirality can be realized by exploiting the interaction of light with artificial nanostructures.1−3 Such interactions are observed to be enhanced through local resonances such as those supported by plasmonic antennas, 4,5 periodically structured dielectric waveguides, 6 etc. Arrangements of subwavelength-sized optical scatterers, called metasurfaces, are known for their exotic light-steering properties and polarization-dependent response. 7,8 A better understanding of light− matter interaction at the nanoscale will help us to realize optical metasurfaces with designable vectorial near and far electromagnetic fields. Polarization-manipulating nanostructures are also important for realizing compact and/or on-chip polarization rotators, wave plates, and polarizing beam splitters. 9−13An extreme possible consequence of the chirality of a system is asymmetric transmission (AT), the difference in total transmittance when light with a certain polarization impinges from opposite sides of the system. 14 While it is possible to realize systems that radiate asymmetrically in opposite directions by breaking mirror symmetry in the propagation direction, 15 AT however requires a strongly chiral response. Notably, when an emitter is placed in asymmetrically transmitting systems, this strong chirality also implies a significant difference between the polarizations of the emitted light in opposite sides of the system. Realization of AT in nanostructures thus relates directly to potential functionalities such as polarization control of spontaneous emission, 16 spindependent light emission, 17,18 and enantioselective sensing. 19There has been a considerable number of experimental attempts at realizing strong chirality in nanostructures. Several of these have been shown to offer AT for circularly polarized light using both metallic 20−23 and dielectric 24,25 structures. However, to realize AT for linearly polarized light is significantly more challenging, as it strictly requir...

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3DPrinting via Multiphoton Polymerization

Farsari

2017

Nanomaterials for 2D and 3D Printing

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Three-Dimensional Infrared Metamaterial with Asymmetric Transmission

Cited by 127 publications

References 33 publications

3D Chiral Plasmonic Metamaterials Fabricated by Direct Laser Writing: The Twisted Omega Particle

3D Chiral Plasmonic Metamaterials Fabricated by Direct Laser Writing: The Twisted Omega Particle

The origin and limit of asymmetric transmission in chiral resonators

3DPrinting via Multiphoton Polymerization

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