Three-dimensional image-guided topical photodynamic therapy system with light dosimetry dynamic planning and monitoring

Abstract

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown significant potential for skin disease treatment. As a key element, light is critical to influencing its treatment outcome, and light dosimetry is an issue of much concern for researchers. However, because of three-dimensional irregularity in shape and patient’s movement during the therapy, irradiance hardly keeps uniform on the lesion and flux measurement remains a challenge. In this work, we report the development of a three-dimensional image-guided PDT system, and the method of dynamic irradiance planning and flux monitoring for lesions in different poses. This system comprises a three-dimensional camera for monitoring patients’ movement during therapy, a computer for data analysis and processing, and a homemade LED array for forming uniform irradiance on lesions. Simulations on lesions of the face and arm show that the proposed system significantly increases effective therapy area, enhances irradiance uniformity, is able to visualize flux on the lesion, and reduces risks of burns during PDT. The developed PDT system is promising for optimizing procedures of PDT and providing better treatment outcomes by delivering controllable irradiance and flux on lesions even when a patient is moving.

Devices and Methods for Dosimetry of Personalized Photodynamic Therapy of Tumors: A Review on Recent Trends

“…It is well established that tumors exhibit considerable heterogeneity, which may impede the efficacy of photodynamic diagnostics and therapy, especially in deep-seated tumors. One potential solution to this issue may be the preliminary prediction of light propagation throughout the entire tumor volume for different irradiation geometries and for different configurations of light-scattering fibers [60]. The utilization of a three-dimensional tumor model, previously obtained through computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with Monte Carlo simulation, permits the simulation of PDT within the tumor volume [104], and the walls of hollow organs [100,106].…”

“…This can result in disparate treatment efficacy. The PDT of tumors was controlled using 3D image analysis and dynamic irradiation planning, as well as monitoring of light flux density when targeting heterogeneous 3D lesions by controlling the brightness of the LED array [59,60]. The findings indicated that the adjusted model of tumor illumination by an LED matrix with optimal brightness distribution according to the size and shape of the lesion enhances the uniformity of tissue irradiation and the efficacy of therapy, even when the patient moves during PDT.…”

“…The findings indicated that the adjusted model of tumor illumination by an LED matrix with optimal brightness distribution according to the size and shape of the lesion enhances the uniformity of tissue irradiation and the efficacy of therapy, even when the patient moves during PDT. The model enables the calculation of the light dose at any point of the moving lesion, thereby demonstrating a personalized approach to tumor treatment [59,60].…”