Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Model of New York Harbor Region

Abstract

Three-dimensional simulations of estuarine circulation in the New York Harbor complex, Long Island Sound, and the New York Bight have been conducted using the Estuarine, Coastal and Ocean Model (ECOM) within the framework of a single grid system. The model grid is curvilinear and orthogonal, with resolution from 100 m in rivers to about 50 km in the bight. The model forcing functions consist of (1) meteorological data; (2) water level elevation and temperature and salinity fields along the open boundary; and (3) freshwater inflows from 30 rivers, 110 wastewater treatment plants, and 268 point sources from combined sewer overflows and surface runoffs. Because the goal of this study is to maximize, to the extent possible, the predictive skill of the modeling system, the motivation for and a detailed description of the construction of these boundary forcing functions are presented. Two 12-month periods are considered: (1) October 1988 to September 1989 for model calibration; and (2) October 1994 to September 1995 for model validation. For model calibration, the results are compared with water levels at 14 stations, currents at six stations, and temperature and salinity at 35 stations. Model validation is accomplished using data from an extensive hydrodynamic monitoring program. Mean errors in predicted elevations and currents are less than 10% and 15%, respectively. Correlation coefficients for salinity and temperature are as high as 0.86 and 1.0, respectively. The level of skill shown by these statistical measures suggests that the model is capable of describing the entire spectrum of time scales for the computed quantities, from the semidiurnal to the annual scales.

A review on the integration of artificial intelligence into coastal modeling

“…It has incorporated very few features to facilitate other users and to handle other problems. Typical examples are some sophisticated convectiondispersion models of the Eulerian-Lagrangian type [2], two-dimensional or three-dimensional finite difference numerical models on tidal flow [4,5] and on a specific water quality phenomenon such as eutrophication [21], finite-element modeling of floodplain flow [6], the depth-averaged turbulence k-e model [9], and so on.…”

“…The shape function can be of the first order, second order, or a higher order. The modeling can be simplified into different spatial dimensions, i.e., a one-dimensional model, two-dimensional depth-averaged model, two-dimensional layered model, three-dimensional model, and so forth [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. An analysis of coastal hydraulics and water quality generally involves heuristics and empirical experience, and is effected through some simplifications and modeling techniques on the basis of the experience of specialists [9].…”

An ontology-based knowledge management system for flow and water quality modeling

“…The shape function can be of first order, second order or higher order. The modeling can be simplified into different spatial dimensions, i.e., 1-dimensional model, 2-dimensional depth-averaged model, 2-dimensional layered model, 3-dimensional model, and so on (Blumberg et al, 1999;Chau et al, 1996;Chau and Jin, 1998;Tucciarelli and Termini, 2000).…”

“…The shape function can be of first order, second order or higher order. The modeling can be simplified into different spatial dimensions, i.e., 1-dimensional model, 2-dimensional depth-averaged model, 2-dimensional layered model, 3-dimensional model, and so on (Blumberg et al, 1999;Chau et al, 1996;Chau and Jin, 1998;Tucciarelli and Termini, 2000).Heuristics, empirical experience of specialists, simplifications and modeling techniques are included in the analysis of coastal hydraulics and water quality (Yu and Righetto, 2001). The accuracy of the prediction depends largely on the accuracy of the open boundary conditions, model parameters used, and the numerical scheme adopted (Martin et al, 1999).…”

A review on integration of artificial intelligence into water quality modelling

“…The shape function can be of first order, second order or higher order. The modelling can be simplified into different spatial dimensions, i.e., 1-dimensional model, 2-dimensional depth-averaged model, 2-dimensional layered model, 3-dimensional model, etc [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. The analysis of coastal hydraulics and water quality generally involves heuristics and empirical experience and it is effected through some simplifications and modelling techniques on the basis of the experience of specialists [9].…”