Three-dimensional human thermoregulation model based on pulsatile blood flow and heating mechanism

Abstract

A three-dimensional thermoregulation mathematical model of temperature fluctuations for the human body is developed based on predecessors' thermal models. The following improvements are necessary in real situations: ellipsoids and elliptical cylinders are used to adequately approximate body geometry, divided into 18 segments and five layers; the core layer consists of the organs; the pulsation of the heart cycle, the pulsatile laminar flow, the peripheral resistance, and the thermal effect of food are considered. The model is calculated by adopting computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology, and the results of the model match with the experimental data. This paper can give a reasonable explanation for the temperature fluctuations.

Transparent Thermotherapeutic Skin Patch Based on Highly Conductive and Stretchable Copper Mesh Heater

“…Although the thermal conductivity of the skin (0.445 W m −1 K −1 ) is lower than glass, the heat produced by Cu mesh STH attached to the arm skin can dissipate through the skin by the blood flow in blood vessel. [47][48] Compared with results shown in Figure 2a, the temperature generated by the free-standing Cu mesh STH in air was higher than it was attached to a carrier surface because of the additional thermal conduction. [49] For epidermal applications in thermotherapy, the water resistance and air permeability of skin heating patch are the two essential properties in order to keep the skin comfortable, which was the motive to choose the PU film as the carrier material for the Cu mesh.…”

Cooling of Concentrated Photovoltaic Cells—A Review and the Perspective of Pulsating Flow Cooling

“…Researchers working around CPV cooling can consider integrating pulsating flow into the existing CPC cooling techniques to enhance heat transfer. Some articles that provide detailed information on pulsation flow include [77,78,78,80,[88][89][90]. The correlations for continuous and pulsating flow are as follows; in a continuous flow, the Reynolds number (Re) is a parameter that differentiates between turbulent flow and laminar flow.…”

Different kinds of energy harvesters from human activities

“…Apart from the mechanical work performed by skeletal muscles, the rest is eventually converted to heat. 14 Body temperature is a necessary condition for metabolism and normal life activities. In order to keep a normal body temperature, under the control of the body temperature regulation mechanism, the body makes the heat production process and heat dissipation process in a balance.…”

“…ATP is consumed by human muscles to contract and relax and complete various mechanical work. Apart from the mechanical work performed by skeletal muscles, the rest is eventually converted to heat 14 …”