Three-dimensional geometric analysis of facial symmetry in skeletal class I individuals

Abstract

Aim: Our aim in this study is to determine anatomical points to detect asymmetry on both sides of the face, to make morphometric measurements according to age/gender, and to compare facial asymmetry index values according to gender. 
 Methods: Three-dimensional (3D) Computed Tomography (CT) images of 90 individuals of both sexes (45 female, 45 male) were included in our study. Morphometric measurements of the face were made using the 3D Slicer software package on these images. 
 Results: A statistically weak positive correlation was found between age with Condylion right-Gonion right-Menton right angle, Condylion left-Gonion left-Menton left angle, and Condylion-Menton asymmetry. A statistically weak negative correlation was found between age and Condylion-subspinale asymmetry. When we analyzed according to gender, female Condylion right-Gonion right-Menton right angle values were statistically higher than males. Although female Condylion left Gonion left-Menton left angle values were higher than male's, and this difference was not statistically significant. Males' values were statistically higher than females' in all measurements. To evaluate facial asymmetry in more detail, measurements were made using 3D-CT and asymmetry index values were calculated. There was no statistical difference between the asymmetry index values of males and females.
 Conclusion: It is observed that the measurements around the mandible show more changes with age. In gender comparisons, although most of the facial morphometric measurements of males were significantly larger than those of females, no significant difference was found in the asymmetry index values.