Three-dimensional, free-standing polyaniline/carbon nanotube composite-based electrode for high-performance supercapacitors

Malik, Rachit; Zhang, Lu; McConnell, Colin; Schott, Michael; Hsieh, Yu-Yun; Noga, Ryan; Alvarez, Noe T.; Shanov, Vesselin

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2017.02.036

Cited by 152 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…According to the Ragone plots of PC/Pani ASC shown in Figure S5d (Supporting Information), the maximum energy density operating in the 1.4 V voltage window is 22.3 W h kg −1 at a power density of 700 W kg −1 , maintaining 17.1 W h kg −1 at a power density of 14 000 W kg −1 . These values are superior to those of previously reported SC devices, such as Pani/N‐CNT//Pani/N‐CNT (11.1 W h kg −1 , 980 W kg −1 ), 3D‐rGO/Pani//rGO (8.3 W h kg −1 at 0.2 A g −1 ), graphene nanoribbon/Pani//graphene nanoribbon/Pani (7.6 W h kg −1 , 3100 W kg −1 ), and activated carbon fiber/Pani//activated carbon (20 W h kg −1 , 2000 W kg −1 ) …”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 58%

3D Hybrids of Interconnected Porous Carbon Nanosheets/Vertically Aligned Polyaniline Nanowires for High‐Performance Supercapacitors

Zhang

Jin

Chai

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Inter

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However, the large volumetric changes (swelling, shrinkage, cracks, or breaking) during charge/discharge processes lead to mechanical degradation of the polymer backbone. This leads to poor cycle stability of Pani, which restricts its applications in supercapacitors. [4] Fabrication of ordered nano-Pani [5] composited with carbon-based templates including activated carbon, [6] carbon nanotubes (CNTs), [7] and graphene [8,9] is one of the efficacious strategies developed to overcome the poor cycle stability of Pani. In this case, the carbon substrates provide high electrical conductivity and large surface areas. However, certain carbon templates tend to aggregate with each other during the synthesis of Pani/carbon nanocomposites, which decreases the number of active sites and increases electrolyte ion pathways, leading to a drastic reduction in the rate performance. [10] Therefore, researchers have investigated various 3D porous carbon (PC) materials as substrates for Pani-based composites to overcome the above shortcoming. [10][11][12][13][14][15] For example, nano-Pani prepared on 3D mesoporous/macro graphene hydrogel showed a better rate performance at a high current compared to nano-Pani prepared on a graphene surface, since the mesoporous/macro structure provided a larger number of electrolyte accessible active sites and shorter pathways for ion diffusion. [10] In one of our previous works, Vulcan carbon black particles were used as a spacer in reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/Pani composites to generate additional ion-diffusion paths and active sites to enhance the electrochemical reaction efficiency, and a high rate performance was obtained. [14] However, most of these manufacturing methods use harsh experimental conditions and tedious processes, which limit their practical applications. To address the imperative demands for high-performance supercapacitors, it is necessary to develop a facile and cost-effective method for the fabrication of nano-Pani composites with enhanced capacitance properties. [16][17][18][19] Recently, hierarchically structured PC materials obtained directly from pyrolysis of alkali organic salts [20,21] were used as promising new carbon substrates for energy devices. Sevilla and Fuertes proposed a pioneering one-step process for the synthesis of PC using potassium citrate as an inexpensive precursor without any other chemical activation. [20] The inorganic constituents of the salts were used as activating agents to prepare PC with hierarchical structures, while the organic 3D hybrids of interconnected porous carbon (PC) nanosheets/vertically aligned polyaniline (Pani) nanowires are prepared by a cost-effective facile approach and used as high-performance supercapacitor electrodes. The 3D PC/Pani hybrids are obtained by a simple in situ growth of Pani on 3D PC with a high specific surface area and good electrochemical performance fabricated via a one-step thermal pyrolysis of potassium citrate. The 3D PC/ Pani hybrids show an excellent specific capacitance of 512 F g −1 at 1 A g −1...

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 58%

3D Hybrids of Interconnected Porous Carbon Nanosheets/Vertically Aligned Polyaniline Nanowires for High‐Performance Supercapacitors

Zhang

Jin

Chai

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Inter

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“…Nyquist plot is a plot of the imaginary component ( Z ) of the impedance against the real component ( Z ), showing the frequency response of the electrode/electrolyte system. The equivalent series resistances (ESRs), which are the combination of the ionic resistance of an electrolyte, the intrinsic resistance of a substrate, the contact resistance at the interface and the charge transfer resistance, can be determined on the basis of the equivalent circuit fitting of Nyquist plot [31][32][33] . Specifically, GP exhibited a slightly higher ESR value ( ∼22.4 ) than that of PANi-GP-900 ( ∼21.6 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A flexible solid-state supercapacitor based on graphene/polyaniline paper electrodes

Liu

Chen

et al. 2019

Journal of Energy Chemistry

105

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“…To combine the high porosity and better ion diffusion properties of CNT array with the superior mechanical properties and high electrical conductivity of CNT sheets, Malik et al [68] used a plasma enhanced CVD method to directly grow CNT arrays on a CNT sheet, leading to the formation of a 3D structure comprised of vertically aligned CNTs extending from horizontally aligned CNTs in the CNT sheet substrates. Then, controlled PANI deposition was achieved via cyclic voltammetry methods, maintaining the novel 3D nanostructure (Fig.…”

Section: Cnt Arraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in flexible supercapacitors based on carbon nanotubes and graphene

Zhang

2017

Sci. China Mater.

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Three-dimensional, free-standing polyaniline/carbon nanotube composite-based electrode for high-performance supercapacitors

Cited by 152 publications

References 66 publications

3D Hybrids of Interconnected Porous Carbon Nanosheets/Vertically Aligned Polyaniline Nanowires for High‐Performance Supercapacitors

3D Hybrids of Interconnected Porous Carbon Nanosheets/Vertically Aligned Polyaniline Nanowires for High‐Performance Supercapacitors

A flexible solid-state supercapacitor based on graphene/polyaniline paper electrodes

Recent advances in flexible supercapacitors based on carbon nanotubes and graphene

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