Three-dimensional flow in a barb field

Abstract

Barbs (or submerged groynes) are low-profile linear rock structures that are primarily used to prevent the erosion of stream banks. They are a variation of a groyne, similar to spur dikes and bendway weirs. Barbs are typically anchored, in series, to the outside bank in stream bends and extend in an upstream direction from the bank into the flow. This configuration redirects flow away from the outer stream bank and disrupts the velocity gradient close to the outer bank, encouraging sediment deposition adjacent to the barb. These interactions between the flow pattern and the sediment transport around the barb prevent erosion of the bank. Furthermore, vortices generated by the barb create local scour holes that can enhance aquatic habitat. A three-dimensional numerical model, Sediment Simulation in Intakes with Multiblock option (SSIIM), was used to examine the turbulent flow field and associated scour and depositional patterns due to a series of barbs in a mobile-bed channel bend. Previous physical model observations were used for model calibration and verification. Barb design was optimized to minimize scour. The parameters considered in the optimization were channel bend angle, barb alignment angle, and barb spacing. In this paper the spatial distribution of the three-dimensional flow field through a series of barbs in a 90º channel bend are mapped and the impact on the flow field of subtle differences in barb geometry are examined. Special emphasis is placed on the influence of barb design on secondary currents in the meander bend and the generation of three-dimensional vortices, and the consequent impact on scour.

3‐D flow and scour near a submerged wing dike: ADCP measurements on the Missouri River

“…However, the >5 m elevation change at the wing dike tip at site B that occurred between 29 May and 4 June (where vortex cores and z ‐vorticity are most pronounced on both days) suggests that (1) there could be a correspondence between vorticity and scour; and (2) that, in this case, the required flow may be just below the flood stage (4700 m 3 s −1 ), given the peak in the hydrograph between these dates (Figure 2) and subsequent changes to the scour hole shape and depth. Indeed, the most active region of bed mobility, the upstream scour hole crest (Figures 8 and 13), corresponds with the most concentrated contours of high positive z ‐vorticity (i.e., 4 June in Figure 14), supporting previous numerical results that indicate a correspondence between vorticity and local scour at submerged groyne tips [ Minor et al , 2007].…”

Effects of an engineered log jam on spatial variability of the flow field across submergence depths

“…As obstructions, ELJs are expected to produce vortices along the upstream face and downstream of the structure (Koken & Constantinescu, 2014). In addition, ELJs may produce flow structures similar to those created by groynes when they are emergent at low discharge (e.g., Paik et al, 2010) and flow structures similar to bendway weirs when they are submerged at high discharge (e.g., Minor et al, 2007). Even with these simplified shapes, studies have shown that more abrupt geometry changes produce stronger and more CFSs (Koken & Constantinescu, 2014).…”