Three-Dimensional Evaluation on Ecotypic Diversity of Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Case Study of Artemisia annua L.

Li, Lin; Brinckmann, J.A.; Liu, Bing; Zheng, Shu-Jian; Huang, Linfang; Chen, Shilin

doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.01225

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Analysing of suitable DNA barcodes for every species play an important role in diversity analyses [8]. Transposable elements are source of genetic and epigenetic variabilities and so important drivers of evolution [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DNA technology/molecular markers are used to prevent these problems. For this purpose, there are many studies related to DNA markers for identification of herbal medicinal species and their adulterants, investigation of genetic changes as a result of biotic/abiotic stress DNA fingerprinting among species and different tissues of the same plant, and evolutionary relationships [8]. One class of these markers is developed on the basis of retrotransposon sequences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transferability of Barley Retrotransposons (Sukkula and Nikita) to Investigate Genetic Structure of Pimpinella anisum L.

Marakli

2018

Marmara Fen Bilimleri Dergisi

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Transferability of barley retrotransposons (Nikita and Sukkula) were examined in Pimpinella anisum L. seeds by using a retrotransposon-based molecular marker: IRAP (inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism). Furthermore, transposons' sequences identified in medically important plants were obtained form NCBI, and multiple alignment analyses were performed to investigate the evolutionary relationships. These two retrotransposons were identified in Pimpinella anisum L., showing homomorphic band profiles. In addition, limited similar sequences were detected as a result of clustal analyses. Till date, no study about retrotransposons evaluation using IRAP as molecular marker has been published in aniseed. Our results are expected to contribute a new perspective for genome architect of medically important plants in addition to aniseed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transferability of Barley Retrotransposons (Sukkula and Nikita) to Investigate Genetic Structure of Pimpinella anisum L.

Marakli

2018

Marmara Fen Bilimleri Dergisi

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“…In addition to species identification, Chinese scientists are using DNA barcodes in phylogenetics (e.g., Feng et al, 2016;Liu et al, 2016;Chesters, 2017), the discovery of new or cryptic species (e.g., Liu et al, 2011a,b;Qin et al, 2018), and the evaluation of the levels of biodiversity (e.g., Chen et al, 2015;Chesters et al, 2015;Li et al, 2017;Sun et al, 2018; Figure 7).…”

Section: Dna Barcoding-related Research Areas In China Species Identimentioning

confidence: 99%

Sixteen Years of DNA Barcoding in China: What Has Been Done? What Can Be Done?

Yang

Zhang

2020

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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Over the past 16 years, more than half (59.68%) of research papers in China on DNA barcoding have been published in Chinese rather than English. Using the records in the BOLD (Barcode of Life Data) system, we found Chinese scientists have contributed nearly 120,000 DNA barcodes for more than 16,000 species as of September 2019, with barcoded species distributed throughout China. Based on 2,624 articles and 494 dissertations published during the last 16 years, we reviewed the basic statistics of these studies as well as the type of articles contributed by Chinese scientists, the preference of taxonomic groups, the characteristic of barcoding studies in China, the current limitations, and potential future directions as well. We found that most barcode data pertain primarily to plants and animals. Most work in China has focused on verification of the authenticity of species used in traditional Chinese medicine, while other applications have paid more attention to food safety, inspection and quarantine, and the control of pests and invasive species. In methodology and technology, a number of new DNA barcoding methods have been developed by Chinese scientists. However, there are several significant limitations to research into DNA barcoding in China in general, such as the lack of leadership in pioneering international projects, the absence of an open bioinformatics infrastructure, and the fact that some Chinese journals do not clearly require data transparency and availability for DNA barcodes, impeding the further development of barcode libraries and research in China. In the future, Chinese scientists should build authoritative online libraries, while aiming for theoretical innovations for both concepts and methodology of DNA barcoding.

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“…The parental lines of commercial hybrids remain highly heterozygous and must be maintained by vegetative propagation, or as two distinct populations. Although many efforts have been made on the molecular genetics front to understand the ART biosynthesis and genetic regulation of the pathway, conventional breeding programs of artemisia have traditionally been performed by only a few companies and institutions around the world, such as Médiplant in Switzerland (Simonnet et al, 2008), Bionexx in Madagascar (Townsend et al, 2013;Suberu et al, 2016), the University of York in the UK (Townsend et al, 2013;Czechowski et al, 2016), North Carolina State University in the U.S. (Alejos-Gonzalez et al, 2011), and some places in China, such as the Institute of Medicinal Plants in Kunming (Yang et al, 2010;Liu et al, 2010a) and the Academy of Chinese Materia in Chongqing (Li et al, 2010(Li et al, , 2017. In order to generate commercial lines able to achieve the genetic potential of the species for ART production in different cropping environments, more concerted efforts and investment are required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Being the raw material of conventional breeding, the genetic basis of artemisia is fortunately quite broad (Li et al, 2017). Artemisia shows great phenotypic diversity for important traits, including leaf morphology, trichome density, plant size, as well as terpenoid profile, and artemisinin (ART) yield.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MORPHOLOGICAL, GENETIC AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ANTI-MALARIAL HERB, Artemisia annua GERMPLASM COLLECTION AT WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY

Samarasinghe¹

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Malaria is one of the deadliest diseases in human history. Nearly half of the world's population, is at the risk in 106 countries. Only in 2016, this disease killed about 445,000 people, 72% of them being children under age five. It also accounts for US $12 billion dollars of direct costs in Africa alone. Five different species of Plasmodium cause malaria but P. falciparum is the most detrimental one, causing 50% of all malaria cases and is considered as the deadliest parasite in humans. Artemisinin (ART), a 15 C sesquiterpenoid is currently the only precursor to the most effective anti-malarial drugs. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of ARTderived drugs in combination with other anti-malarial drugs (collectively called as Artemisininbased Combination Therapies, ACT), to prevent the development of ART resistance by the parasite. The natural source of ART is Artemisia annua, an Asteraceae plant native to East Asia. ART is synthesized in 10-cell glandular trichomes and accumulates extra-cellularly in the sub cuticular space. ART is synthesized in A. annua in low quantities, about 0.01-3% DW and, due to its complex molecular structure, it cannot be synthesized chemically in an economically viable way. Even though the semi-synthesis of ART has been successful in bioreactors, ART extraction from A. annua is much more economically viable. Therefore, it is important to understand the A. annua genetic contribution to ART synthesis to improve the ART yield of the plants. We characterized a collection of 12 different genotypes of Artemisia annua at West Virginia University in terms of developmental traits, biochemical profile, and gene expression to better understand the phenotypical differences of the germplasm in the collection. Plants were analyzed for height, biomass, leaf shape and leaf size, adaxial and abaxial trichome densities for morphological characterization. Freeze dried leaf material was extracted with hexane and an internal standard and the extractions were analyzed with GC-MS. Flash frozen leaf material were used to extract total RNA and analyzed for the gene expression of 15 genes with qRT-PCR. Based on the results, it was revealed that there is high phenotypical and metabolic variation among the genotypes. Monoterpenes made up for a large component of the hexane-extracted metabolome. Camphor and endo-borneol contributed significantly to differentiate the genotypes. Out of the all the genes analyzed, gene expression of three genes (FPS, CPR, and DBR2) were significantly different among the genotypes. Based on data, genotype J has the highest accumulation of ART and DHAA with anatomical characteristics supporting towards high ART and DHAA yield. Next, I and G genotypes also showed anatomical features supporting towards high ART and DHAA accumulation. The genotypes can be used to further investigate ideal genetic variations and allelic combinations for crop improvement in future.

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Three-Dimensional Evaluation on Ecotypic Diversity of Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Case Study of Artemisia annua L.

Cited by 21 publications

References 41 publications

Transferability of Barley Retrotransposons (Sukkula and Nikita) to Investigate Genetic Structure of Pimpinella anisum L.

Transferability of Barley Retrotransposons (Sukkula and Nikita) to Investigate Genetic Structure of Pimpinella anisum L.

Sixteen Years of DNA Barcoding in China: What Has Been Done? What Can Be Done?

MORPHOLOGICAL, GENETIC AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ANTI-MALARIAL HERB, Artemisia annua GERMPLASM COLLECTION AT WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY

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