Three-Dimensional Electrodes for High-Performance Bioelectrochemical Systems

Abstract

Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) are groups of bioelectrochemical technologies and platforms that could facilitate versatile environmental and biological applications. The performance of BES is mainly determined by the key process of electron transfer at the bacteria and electrode interface, which is known as extracellular electron transfer (EET). Thus, developing novel electrodes to encourage bacteria attachment and enhance EET efficiency is of great significance. Recently, three-dimensional (3D) electrodes, which provide large specific area for bacteria attachment and macroporous structures for substrate diffusion, have emerged as a promising electrode for high-performance BES. Herein, a comprehensive review of versatile methodology developed for 3D electrode fabrication is presented. This review article is organized based on the categorization of 3D electrode fabrication strategy and BES performance comparison. In particular, the advantages and shortcomings of these 3D electrodes are presented and their future development is discussed.

Effect of pore size on the current produced by 3-dimensional porous microbial anodes: A critical review

“…Electro-microbial processes have consequently made extensive use of 3D porous electrodes. The wide-reaching literature devoted to 3D porous electrodes has been reviewed from many different aspects, including the nature of the electrode materials (Wei et al, 2011;Zhou et al, 2011;Sonawane et al, 2017), surface modifications (Hindatu et al, 2017), and fabrication processes (Xie et al, 2015;Yu et al, 2017;Lai et al, 2018).…”

“…Each section is commented below using the usual distinction between monolithic and fibre porous electrodes (Xie et al, 2015;Yu et al, 2017), which correspond to markedly different architectures. Monolithic electrodes are manufactured from a continuous block, initially made with pores or which has been perforated to create pores.…”

Review—Quantification of Hydrogen Peroxide by Electrochemical Methods and Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy

“…398 Electroactive biofilms form a part of so-called bio-electrochemical systems representing an advanced methodology for microbial fuel cell fabrication. 399,400 Intracellular H 2 O 2 measurements with nanoelectrodes (nanodes).-Electroanalytical chemistry experiences substantial improvement by employing nanoelectrodes, which are characterized by tip dimensions at or below 100 nm and by high sensitivity and spatial resolution. 401 For direct intracellular H 2 O 2 measurement, nanoelectrodes (nanodes) were impaled into living cells.…”

Benchmarking of Industrial Synthetic Graphite Grades, Carbon Felt, and Carbon Cloth as Cost-Efficient Bioanode Materials for Domestic Wastewater Fed Microbial Electrolysis Cells

“…Bio-Electrochemical Experiments CF and CC are among the most commonly used anode materials in bioelectrochemical systems (Santoro et al, 2017;Yu et al, 2017) because they offer a porous 3-dimensional structures that can lead to efficient bioanodes in environments with low suspended solids and poor COD load. In order to validate the selection of G3 graphite grade, this material was compared to CC and CF in term of steady state current density.…”

“…This is mainly because producing materials with different resistivities but otherwise identical characteristics is challenging. Nevertheless, many studies have stated that a low electrical resistivity for the support material is necessary to obtain high current densities from bioanodes (Yu et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2018). 3D pictures of EA biofilms revealed that anchoring to the surface seemed to be constituted of dispersed "pillars, " the whole biofilm not being in direct contact with the electrode (Erable and Bergel, 2009).…”