Three-dimensional electric field traps for manipulation of cells — calculation and experimental verification

Schnelle, Thomas; Hagedorn, Rolf; Fuhr, G.; Fiedler, S.; Müller, Torsten

doi:10.1016/0304-4165(93)90056-e

Cited by 171 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…By varying the applied flow rate for a given experimental condition, this modeling environment can determine when the holding points cease to exist and therefore the strength of the DEP particle trap. Schnelle et al 69 conducted a comprehensive analysis and experimental investigation of the forces acting on dielectric particles and living cells exposed to alternating and rotating fields generated by 3D multielectrode microsystems. This analysis included a description of numerical procedures for calculating the electric field distribution and negative DEP forces for electrodes of any shape, and dielectric particles of complex structure, produced by high-frequency ac or rotating electric fields up to 400 MHz.…”

Section: Theoretical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antibody epitopes were mapped by Bessette et al 202 using a disposable microfluidic DEP device to screen a combinatorial peptide library composed of 5 ϫ 10 8 members displayed on bacterial cells. On-chip library screening was achieved in a two-stage, continuous-flow microfluidic sorter that separates antibody-binding target cells captured on microspheres through DEP "funneling" electrodes of the form described by Schnelle et al 69 and Fiedler et al 108 and depicted in Fig. 12͑a͒.…”

Section: Biomedicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review Article—Dielectrophoresis: Status of the theory, technology, and applications

2010

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A review is presented of the present status of the theory, the developed technology and the current applications of dielectrophoresis ͑DEP͒. Over the past 10 years around 2000 publications have addressed these three aspects, and current trends suggest that the theory and technology have matured sufficiently for most effort to now be directed towards applying DEP to unmet needs in such areas as biosensors, cell therapeutics, drug discovery, medical diagnostics, microfluidics, nanoassembly, and particle filtration. The dipole approximation to describe the DEP force acting on a particle subjected to a nonuniform electric field has evolved to include multipole contributions, the perturbing effects arising from interactions with other cells and boundary surfaces, and the influence of electrical double-layer polarizations that must be considered for nanoparticles. Theoretical modelling of the electric field gradients generated by different electrode designs has also reached an advanced state. Advances in the technology include the development of sophisticated electrode designs, along with the introduction of new materials ͑e.g., silicone polymers, dry film resist͒ and methods for fabricating the electrodes and microfluidics of DEP devices ͑photo and electron beam lithography, laser ablation, thin film techniques, CMOS technology͒. Around three-quarters of the 300 or so scientific publications now being published each year on DEP are directed towards practical applications, and this is matched with an increasing number of patent applications. A summary of the US patents granted since January 2005 is given, along with an outline of the small number of perceived industrial applications ͑e.g., mineral separation, micropolishing, manipulation and dispensing of fluid droplets, manipulation and assembly of micro components͒. The technology has also advanced sufficiently for DEP to be used as a tool to manipulate nanoparticles ͑e.g., carbon nanotubes, nano wires, gold and metal oxide nanoparticles͒ for the fabrication of devices and sensors. Most efforts are now being directed towards biomedical applications, such as the spatial manipulation and selective separation/enrichment of target cells or bacteria, high-throughput molecular screening, biosensors, immunoassays, and the artificial engineering of three-dimensional cell constructs. DEP is able to manipulate and sort cells without the need for biochemical labels or other bioengineered tags, and without contact to any surfaces. This opens up potentially important applications of DEP as a tool to address an unmet need in stem cell research and therapy.

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Section: Theoretical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biomedicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review Article—Dielectrophoresis: Status of the theory, technology, and applications

2010

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“…One route to single cell manipulation and analysis is the isolation of cells by confinement inside a particle trap. Negative DEP has been used to hold cells and particles at fixed positions inside potential energy wells, trapping them in free space at electric field minima, 14,15 a result demonstrated in the four and eight electrode cages developed by Schnelle et al 16 An ideal dielectrophoretic cell trap should have the following characteristics:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative DEP traps for single cell immobilisation

2009

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We present a novel design of micron-sized particle trap that uses negative dielectrophoresis (nDEP) to trap cells in high conductivity physiological media. The design is scalable and suitable for trapping large numbers of single cells. Each trap has one electrical connection and the design can be extended to produce a large array. The trap consists of a metal ring electrode and a surrounding ground plane, which create a closed electric field cage in the centre. The operation of the device was demonstrated by trapping single latex spheres and HeLa cells against a moving fluid. The dielectrophoretic holding force was determined experimentally by measuring the displacement of a trapped particle in a moving fluid. This was then compared with theory by numerically solving the electric field for the electrodes and calculating the trapping force, demonstrating good agreement. Analysis of the 80 mm diameter trap showed that a 15.6 mm diameter latex particle could be held with a force of 23 pN at an applied voltage of 5 V peak-peak.

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“…Here the limiting factor is the accuracy of numerical methods (such as the finite element method [22][23][24]) in the computation of fields in shelled particles with layers of very different thicknesses and electrical properties. Therefore, although this approach has been used extensively in the literature, it has been mostly applied to homogeneous spherical particles in slightly nonuniform electric fields [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33], and to our knowledge, no work appears to assess the influence of higher order multipole contributions to forces and torques under typical experimental conditions for nonhomogeneous, multilayered particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromechanical effects on multilayered cells in nonuniform rotating fields

Sebastián

Muñoz²,

Martı́nez³

et al. 2011

Phys. Rev. E

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We use the Maxwell stress tensor to calculate the dielectrophoretic force and electrorotational torque acting on a realistic four-shelled model of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a nonuniform rotating electric field generated by four coplanar square electrodes. The comparison of these results with numerical calculations of the dipolar and quadrupolar contributions obtained from an integral equation for the polarization charge density shows the effect of the quadrupole contribution in the proximity of the electrode plane. We also show that under typical experimental conditions the substitution of the multilayered cell by an equivalent cell with homogeneous permittivity underestimates the quadrupole contribution to the force and torque by 1 order of magnitude.

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Three-dimensional electric field traps for manipulation of cells — calculation and experimental verification

Cited by 171 publications

References 21 publications

Review Article—Dielectrophoresis: Status of the theory, technology, and applications

Review Article—Dielectrophoresis: Status of the theory, technology, and applications

Negative DEP traps for single cell immobilisation

Electromechanical effects on multilayered cells in nonuniform rotating fields

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