“…Indeed, heat recirculation can effectively increase flame propagation speed at the near extinction condition. Several other works have also studied the impact of heat recirculation in small-scale combustion devices (Chen and Ronney, 2011;Kim, et al, 2007;Kuo and Ronney, 2007;Lee, et al, 2010;Gupta, 2010a, 2010b;Li, et al, 2016). By using a 2-D analytical model, Veeraragavan and Cadou (2011) indicated that heat loss to the environment actually reduces "net" heat recirculation.…”