Three-Dimensional CT Examination of the Mastication System in the Giant Anteater

Endo, Hideki; Niizawa, Nobuharu; Komiya, Teruyuki; Kawada, Shin-ichiro; Kimura, Junko; Itou, Takuya; Sakai, Takeo

doi:10.2108/zsj.24.1005

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Assim como ocorre com outras espécies silvestres importantes da nossa fauna e apesar de estarem disponíveis alguns estudos anatômicos específicos (Bartmann et al 1991, Naples 1999, Endo et al 2007, Souza et al 2010, ainda não existem estudos sobre a anatomia ultrassonográfica das estruturas abdominais destes animais. Este trabalho foi realizado com intuito de trazer informações básicas sobre essa morfologia ultrassonográfica, para servir de parâmetro inicial no diagnóstico de afecções através desse método, e contribuir indiretamente para a preservação dessa espécie.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Ultrassonografia abdominal de tamanduás-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758) mantidos em cativeiro

et al. 2015

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RESUMO.-A ultrassonografia é um método de imagem não invasivo e uma ferramenta importante para o diagnóstico de uma variedade de enfermidades de animais. Neste trabalho foi realizada a técnica de ultrassonografia transabdominal em cinco tamanduás-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), dois machos e três fêmeas, pertencentes ao Zoológico da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso e acompanhada a necrópsia de um animal morto de causas naturais. Os animais do zoológico foram anestesiados com Tiletamina e Zolazepam (Zoletil®) e mantidos em plano anestésico com Isofluorano. Foram realizadas varreduras com transdutor linear (LA332) multifrequencial de 3,0 a 11 MHz do fígado, vesícula biliar, estômago, baço, rins, bexiga e testícu-los. Os resultados obtidos mostram que existem semelhanças entre a arquitetura esplênica, a textura e ecogenicidade hepática, a posição e a aparência ultrassonográfica da vesí-cula biliar quando comparado com a dos caninos. Existem diferenças como localização renal, localização dos testícu-los, espessura da parede do estômago e presença de liquido livre anecóico entre o estômago, baço e rim esquerdo em todos os animais estudados. Ultrasonography is a method of non-invasive imaging and an important tool for diagnosing a variety of animal diseases. In this paper the technique of transabdominal ultrasonography in five anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), two males and three females, belonging to the Federal University of Mato Grosso Zoo and a necropsy of an animal dead for natural cause were performed. The Zoo animals were anesthetized with tiletamine and zolazepan (Zoletil®) and maintained with isoflurane. Linear multifrequency transducer (LA 332) of the 3.0 to 11 MHz scans of the liver, gallbladder, stomach, spleen, kidneys, bladder and testes. There are similarities between the splenic architecture, the liver texture and echogenicity and the gallbladder ultrassonografic position and appearance when compared to the canines. Differences exist as renal and testes location, stomach wall thickness and presence of free anechoic fluid among the stomach, spleen and left kidney in all animals studied.

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Ultrassonografia abdominal de tamanduás-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758) mantidos em cativeiro

et al. 2015

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“…We found no evidence suggesting that mandibular rotations are exceptional in Northern or Antarctic minke whales, and our manipulations of other whales (albeit with a limited sample size of only 17 specimens of five rorqual species) suggest these rotations do not vary with body size. We note that gape opening's relation to mandibular movements at the TMJ (Herring & Herring, 1974) and mandibular symphysis (Lieberman & Crompton, 2000) have been investigated in numerous other mammalian species, particularly anteaters (Endo et al, 2007), that is, like whales, edentulous mammals with long, narrow jaws. Rotational and translational movements accompanying gape change have also been widely documented in the human mandible (Lindauer, Sabol, Isaacson, & Davidovitch, 1995;Mapelli, Galante, Lovecchio, Sforza, & Ferrario, 2009;Solow & Houston, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiaxial movements at the minke whale temporomandibular joint

Werth

Ito

2020

Journal of Morphology

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Mandibular mobility accompanying gape change in Northern and Antarctic minke whales was investigated by manipulating jaws of carcasses, recording jaw movements via digital instruments (inclinometers, accelerometers, and goniometers), and examining osteological and soft tissue movements via computed tomography (CT)‐scans. We investigated longitudinal (α) rotation of the mandible and mediolateral displacement at the symphysis (Ω1) and temporomandibular joint (Ω2) as the mouth opened (Δ). Results indicated three phases of jaw opening. In the first phase, as gape increased from zero to 8°, there was slight (<1°) α and Ω rotation. As gape increased between 20 and 30°, the mandibles rotated slightly laterally (Mean 3°), the posterior condyles were slightly medially displaced (Mean 4°), and the anterior ends at the symphysis were laterally displaced (Mean 3°). In the third phase of jaw opening, from 30° to full (≥90°) gape, these motions reversed: mandibles rotated medially (Mean 29°), condyles were laterally displaced (Mean 14°), and symphyseal ends were medially displaced (Mean 1°). Movements were observed during jaw manipulation and analyzed with CT‐images that confirmed quantitative inclinometer/accelerometer data, including the unstable intermediate (Phase 2) position. Together these shifting movements maintain a constant distance for adductor muscles stretched between the skull's temporal fossa and mandible's coronoid process. Mandibular rotation enlarges the buccal cavity's volume as much as 36%, likely to improve prey capture in rorqual lunge feeding; it may strengthen and stabilize jaw opening or closure, perhaps via a simple locking or unlocking mechanism. Rotated lips may brace baleen racks during filtration. Mandibular movements may serve a proprioceptive mechanosensory function, perhaps via the symphyseal organ, to guide prey engulfment and water expulsion for filtration.

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“…Pérez et al (2010) formulated hypotheses about the bony elements of the hyoid apparatus in various fossil species of the superorder Xenarthra, seeking answers about the mechanism of tongue movement and the food intake pattern. With the aid of computed tomography, Endo et al (2007) studied the medial and lateral mandibular movements in a giant anteater carcass, and identified the muscles involved in these movements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy description of cervical region and hyoid apparatus in living giant anteaters Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758

et al. 2017

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RESUMO.-[Descrição anatômica da região cervical e aparato hioide em espécimes vivos de tamanduá--bandeira, Mymercophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758.] O Tamanduá-Bandeira possui adaptações anatômicas específicas, devido aos hábitos alimentares de ingestão de formigas e cupins. O arranjo singular do aparato hioide dos tamanduás é fundamental para a ingestão de alimentos. Sua descrição na literatura é baseada em peças e fósseis, o que dificulta a determinação de detalhes anatômicos existentes em animais vivos. As técnicas de imagem permitem a avaliação da anatomia topográfica dos animais, de maneira não invasiva, e o conhecimento desta é fundamental para o diagnóstico e prognóstico de afecções. O objetivo desse The giant anteater has specific anatomical adaptations resulting from its ant and termite feeding habits. The unique arrangement of its hyoid apparatus is essential for the ingestion of food. However, its description in the literature is based on fragments and fossils, making it difficult to determine existing anatomical details in live animals. Imaging techniques, which enable the topographical anatomy of animals to be examined noninvasively, provide essential information for the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. The aim of this study is to describe the bone contours in the hyoid apparatus of the giant anteater by means of radiographic and tomographic images. Giant anteaters of varying ages from the Wild Animal Screening Center (CETAS-GO) were used, seven for X-ray exams and two adults for CT exams. The hyoid elements in all the animals were evaluated using the two imaging techniques, and were visualized in the cervical region of C2 to C6, which comprises three paired bones (stylohyoid, epihyoid, ceratohyoid) and one unpaired bone (basihyoid). The presence of air in the oropharynx enabled the assessment of soft tissue structures in this region, such as the epiglottis and the soft palate. CT axial sections are of limited usefulness for evaluating the hyoid bones, but enable assessments of the basihyoid bone and its characteristic V-shape. Thus, to analyze the hyoid region in anteaters based on radiographic and tomographic images, one must keep in mind that the stylohyoid, epihyoid and ceratohyoid bones are situated ventrally to the C2 to C5 vertebrae and that the basihyoid at the level of C5-C6 demarcates the transition between the nasopharynx and the trachea. The nasopharynx and oropharynx extend from C1 to C5, and the trachea begins at the level of C6.INDEX TERMS: Cervical region, hyoid apparatus, giant anteater, Myrmecophaga tridactyla, oropharynx, radiology, topographical anatomy, trachea, V-shaped bone, xenarthra.

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Three-Dimensional CT Examination of the Mastication System in the Giant Anteater

Cited by 18 publications

References 14 publications

Ultrassonografia abdominal de tamanduás-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758) mantidos em cativeiro

Ultrassonografia abdominal de tamanduás-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758) mantidos em cativeiro

Multiaxial movements at the minke whale temporomandibular joint

Anatomy description of cervical region and hyoid apparatus in living giant anteaters Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758

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