Three-dimensional concentration field measurements in a mixing layer using magnetic resonance imaging

Benson, Michael J.; Elkins, Christopher J.; Mobley, Paul; Alley, Marcus T.; Eaton, John K.

doi:10.1007/s00348-009-0763-x

Cited by 43 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This technique is applied to measure the mixing of flows (e.g., different chemical species, phases or the same phase with varying temperature and/or pressure), or the injection of a secondary flow into a main flow (e.g., cross-flow injection). An example of an application of this measurement technique is presented by Benson et al (2010). Further information regarding MR techniques and applications are discussed in Elkins and Alley (2007).…”

Section: Magnetic Resonance Imagingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Progress in on-going experimental and computational fluid dynamic investigations within a CANDU fuel channel

Piro

Wassermann

Grundmann

et al. 2016

Nuclear Engineering and Design

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Section: Magnetic Resonance Imagingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Progress in on-going experimental and computational fluid dynamic investigations within a CANDU fuel channel

Piro

Wassermann

Grundmann

et al. 2016

Nuclear Engineering and Design

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“…The MRC experimental technique was developed by Benson et al (2010Benson et al ( , 2012, Benson (2011). This technique is able to measure the three-dimensional concentration distribution of a passive scalar dissolved in one of the inlet flow streams.…”

Section: Mrv and Mrc Measurements In Water Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Established experimental techniques such as particle image velocimetry (PIV) have also been used to validate MRV measurements, with excellent agreement between the two techniques (Elkins et al 2009;Coletti et al 2013). Benson et al (2010) introduced the Magnetic Resonance Concentration (MRC) technique. This method uses NMR principles to measure the mixing of two flow streams by measuring the concentration of a marker molecule carried by one of the streams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of magnetic resonance concentration measurements in water to temperature measurements in compressible air flows

et al. 2014

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements in liquid flows provide highly detailed 3D mean velocity and concentration data in complex turbulent mixing flow applications. The scalar transport analogy is applied to infer the mean temperature distribution in high speed gas flows directly from the MRI concentration measurements in liquid. Compressibility effects on turbulent mixing are known to be weak for simple flows at high subsonic Mach number, and it was not known if this would hold in more complex flows characteristic of practical applications. Furthermore, the MRI measurements are often done at lower Reynolds number than the compressible application, although both are generally done in fully turbulent flows. The hypothesis is that the conclusions from MRI measurements performed in water are transferable to high subsonic Mach number applications. The present experiment is designed to compare stagnation temperature measurements in high speed airflow (M = 0.7) to concentration measurements in an identical water flow apparatus. The flow configuration was a low aspect ratio wall jet with a thick splitter plate producing a 3D complex downstream flow mixing the wall-jet fluid with the mainstream flow. The three-dimensional velocity field is documented using magnetic resonance velocimetry in the water experiment, and the mixing is quantified by measuring the mean concentration distribution of wall-jet fluid marked with dissolved copper sulfate. The airflow experiments are operated with a temperature difference between the main stream and the wall jet. Profiles of the stagnation temperature are measured with a shielded thermocouple probe. The results show excellent agreement between normalized temperature and concentration profiles after correction of the temperature measurements for the effects of energy separation. The agreement is within 1 % near the edges of the mixing layer, which suggests that the mixing characteristics of the large scale turbulence structures are the same in the two flows.

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“…In fluid mechanics, MRI-based methods can be used to measure 3D fields in complex turbulent engineering flows. The two main such methods are Magnetic Resonance Velocimetry (MRV), which is adapted for turbulent flows and measures three component mean velocity Elkins et al [1]; and Magnetic Resonance Concentration (MRC), developed by Benson et al [2], which is used to measure mean concentration of a passive scalar contaminant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enriching MRI mean flow data of inclined jets in crossflow with Large Eddy Simulations

Milani

Gunady

Ching

et al. 2019

International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow

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Measurement techniques such as Magnetic Resonance Velocimety (MRV) and Magnetic Resonance Concentration (MRC) are useful for obtaining 3D time-averaged flow quantities in complex turbulent flows, but cannot measure turbulent correlations or near-wall data. In this work, we use highly resolved Large Eddy Simulations (LES) to complement the experiments and bypass those limitations. Coupling LES and magnetic resonance experimental techniques is especially advantageous in complex non-homogeneous flows because the 3D data allow for extensive validation, creating confidence that the simulation results portray a physically realistic flow. As such we can treat the simulation as data, which "enrich" the original MRI mean flow results. This approach is demonstrated using a cylindrical and inclined jet in crossflow with three distinct velocity ratios, r = 1, r = 1.5, and r = 2. The numerical mesh is highly refined in order for the subgrid scale models to have negligible contribution, and a systematic, iterative procedure is described to set inlet conditions. The validation of the mean flow data shows excellent agreement between simulation and experiments, which creates confidence that the LES data can be used to enrich the experiments with near-wall results and turbulent statistics. We also discuss some mean flow features and how they vary with velocity ratio, including wall concentration, the counter rotating vortex pair, and the in-hole velocity.

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Three-dimensional concentration field measurements in a mixing layer using magnetic resonance imaging

Cited by 43 publications

References 12 publications

Progress in on-going experimental and computational fluid dynamic investigations within a CANDU fuel channel

Progress in on-going experimental and computational fluid dynamic investigations within a CANDU fuel channel

Comparison of magnetic resonance concentration measurements in water to temperature measurements in compressible air flows

Enriching MRI mean flow data of inclined jets in crossflow with Large Eddy Simulations

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