Three Dimensional Cell Culture : A Review

Dhaliwal, Anandika

doi:10.13070/mm.en.2.162

Cited by 33 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…For example, a rectal organoid was used to model cystic fibrosis to study the effects of the transmembrane conductance regulator-modulating compounds and another set of tubular organoids was used to model kidney disease where it was found that the microenvironment played a key role in the cyst formation (Cruz et al, 2017). Furthermore, organoids have proven to be useful models when studying neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson disease (Dhaliwal, 2012;Cruz et al, 2017). Brain organoids generated from pluripotent stem cells taken from Alzheimer patients when treated with βand γ-secretase inhibitors, showed promising therapeutic effects (Dhaliwal, 2012).…”

Section: Utilization Of Stem Cells To Fabricate 3d Spheroids and Orgamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrogels are also versatile since they can be used to create spheroids and can be prepared in multiple ways depending on the experiment being performed. Both natural and synthetic hydrogels exist, with natural gels commonly being made with natural polymers such as fibrinogen, hyaluronic acid, collagen, Matrigel, gelatin, chitosan, and aginate (Dhaliwal, 2012). Natural gels made of collagen have been used to model 3D tumors via MCTS where the cells were embedded in the gel ( Van-Minh et al, 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study concluded that the 3D model allowed for drug screening as well as noticed differences in cell shape, density, and drug sensitivity when compared to cells cultured on the traditional monolayer ( Van-Minh et al, 2016). Synthetic hydrogels are typically made with synthetic polymers made from polyethylene glycol (PEG), polylactic acid (PLA), or poly(vinyl acetate) (PVA) (Dhaliwal, 2012). Polymeric hard scaffolds are an important tool in studying cell-to-ECM interactions due to the scaffold's ability to replicate the structure of the ECM.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• The core cells often remain inactive since they receive less oxygen and growth factors from the medium • This process resembles the core cells in tumor cells, making it possible to mimic the behavior and structure of a tumor cell in vivo Dhaliwal, 2012;Costa et al, 2016;Langhans, 2018 Cell junction • Cell junctions are less common and less accurately represent real junctions…”

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confidence: 99%

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Is It Time to Start Transitioning From 2D to 3D Cell Culture?

Jensen

Teng

2020

Front. Mol. Biosci.

1,035

802

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Section: Utilization Of Stem Cells To Fabricate 3d Spheroids and Orgamentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is It Time to Start Transitioning From 2D to 3D Cell Culture?

Jensen

Teng

2020

Front. Mol. Biosci.

1,035

802

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“…The challenges and benefits of culturing cells in gels, particularly in microfluidics, have been discussed by other research groups before (Dhaliwal, 2012;Geckil et al, 2010;Thiele et al, 2014;Tibbitt and Anseth, 2009). Unfortunately, few of the suitable gels are sufficiently clear and homogeneous and thus tend to obscure optical access to the cells.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective comparison of gelling agents as neural cell culture matrices for long-term microelectrode array electrophysiology

Wilk

Habibey

Golabchi

et al. 2016

OCL

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-In classic monolayer cell culture, the world is flat. In contrast, tissue-embedded cells experience a threedimensional context to interact with. We assessed a selection of natural gelling agents of non-animal origin (ι-and κ-carrageenan, gellan gum, guar gum, locust bean gum, sodium alginate, tragacanth and xanthan gum) in serum-free medium at 1-4% (w/v) concentration for their suitability as a more natural 3D culture environment for brain-derived cells. Their biophysical properties (viscosity, texture, transparency, gelling propensity) resemble those of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Gels provide the neurons with a 3D scaffold to interact with and allow for an increase of the overall cell density compared to classical monolayer 2D culture. They not only protect neurons in cell culture from shear forces and medium evaporation, but stabilize the microenvironment around them for efficient glial proliferation, tissue-analog neural differentiation and neural communication. We report on their properties (viscosity, transparency), their ease of handling in a cell culture context and their possible use modalities (cell embedment, as a cell cover or as a cell culture substrate). Among the selected gels, guar gum and locust bean gum with intercalated laminin allowed for cortical cell embedment. Neurons plated on and migrating into gellan gum survived and differentiated even without the addition of laminin. Sodium alginate with laminin was a suitable cell cover. Finally, we exemplarily demonstrate how guar gum supported the functional survival of a cortical culture over a period of 79 days in a proof-of-concept long-term microelectrode array (MEA) electrophysiology study.Keywords: Microbial-, plant-and algae-derived gelling agents / 3D neural cell culture / microelectrode array electrophysiology Résumé -Comparaison sélective d'agents gélifiants utilisés en tant matrices de cultures de cellules neurales en 3 dimensions pour une approche à long terme d'électrophysiologie. Au contraire de la culture classique pratiquée en monocouche (2D), la culture cellulaire en 3 dimensions (3D) permet de reproduire les interactions entre cellules d'un tissu. Nous avons évalué une sélection d'agents gélifiants naturels d'origine non animale (ι-et κ-carraghénane, gomme gellane, gomme de guar, gomme de caroube, alginate de sodium, gomme adragante et gomme de xanthane) dans un milieu sans sérum à des concentrations de 1-4 % (w/v) au regard de leur aptitude à offrir un milieu de culture 3D plus naturel pour les cellules cérébrales. Les propriétés biophysiques de ces agents (viscosité, texture, transparence, propension de gélification) ressemblent à celles de la matrice extracellulaire. Les gels fournissent aux neurones un assemblage 3D pour interagir et permettre une augmentation de la densité cellulaire globale, comparativement à une culture monocouche 2D classique. Ils protègent non seulement les neurones en culture cellulaire des forces de cisaillement et de l'évaporation moyenne, mais stabilisent également le micro-environnement...

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Application of Artificial Intelligence to In Vitro Tumor Modeling and Characterization of the Tumor Microenvironment

Lee

Goh

et al. 2023

Adv Healthcare Materials

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In vitro tumor models have played vital roles in enhancing the understanding of the cellular and molecular composition of tumors, as well as their biochemical and biophysical characteristics. Advances in technology have enabled the evolution of tumor models from two-dimensional cell cultures to three-dimensional printed tumor models with increased levels of complexity and diverse output parameters. With the increase in complexity, the new generation of models is able to replicate the architecture and heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment more realistically than their predecessors. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has been used extensively in healthcare and research, and AI-based tools have also been applied to the precise development of tumor models. The incorporation of AI facilitates the use of high-throughput systems for real-time monitoring of tumorigenesis and biophysical tumor properties, raising the possibility of using AI alongside tumor modeling for personalized medicine. Here, the integration of AI tools within tumor modeling is reviewed, including microfluidic devices and cancer-on-chip models.

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Three Dimensional Cell Culture : A Review

Cited by 33 publications

References 68 publications

Is It Time to Start Transitioning From 2D to 3D Cell Culture?

Is It Time to Start Transitioning From 2D to 3D Cell Culture?

Selective comparison of gelling agents as neural cell culture matrices for long-term microelectrode array electrophysiology

Application of Artificial Intelligence to In Vitro Tumor Modeling and Characterization of the Tumor Microenvironment

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