Three-Dimensional Architecture and Biogenesis of Membrane Structures Associated with Plant Virus Replication

Jin, Xuejiao; Cao, Xiuling; Wang, Xueting; Jiang, Jianan; Wan, Juan; Laliberté, Jean‐François; Zhang, Yong Liang

doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.00057

Cited by 46 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 178 publications

(244 reference statements)

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“…Since dsRNA is the intermediate for viral replication, these results thus confirmed the previous suggestion that robust replication occurs in X-bodies (6). The replication of many positive-stranded RNA viruses occurs in membranous inclusion bodies, vesicles, multivesicular bodies, or spherules that are remodeled from the plant cell endomembrane by viral protein(s) (45)(46)(47)(48). RdRp is the only viral protein that is absolutely required for PVX replication (3,4); however, a transmembrane domain or membrane-associated motif has not yet been revealed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

The Potato Virus X TGBp2 Protein Plays Dual Functional Roles in Viral Replication and Movement

Liu

Chai

et al. 2019

J Virol

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Plant viruses usually encode one or more movement proteins (MP) to accomplish their intercellular movement. A group of positive-strand RNA plant viruses requires three viral proteins (TGBp1, TGBp2, and TGBp3) that are encoded by an evolutionarily conserved genetic module of three partially overlapping open reading frames (ORFs), termed the triple gene block (TGB). However, how these three viral movement proteins function cooperatively in viral intercellular movement is still elusive. Using a novel in vivo double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) labeling system, we showed that the dsRNAs generated by potato virus X (PVX) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) are colocalized with viral RdRp, which are further tightly covered by "chain mail"-like TGBp2 aggregates and localizes alongside TGBp3 aggregates. We also discovered that TGBp2 interacts with the C-terminal domain of PVX RdRp, and this interaction is required for the localization of TGBp3 and itself to the RdRp/ dsRNA bodies. Moreover, we reveal that the central and C-terminal hydrophilic domains of TGBp2 are required to interact with viral RdRp. Finally, we demonstrate that knockout of the entire TGBp2 or the domain involved in interacting with viral RdRp attenuates both PVX replication and movement. Collectively, these findings suggest that TGBp2 plays dual functional roles in PVX replication and intercellular movement. IMPORTANCE Many plant viruses contain three partially overlapping open reading frames (ORFs), termed the triple gene block (TGB), for intercellular movement. However, how the corresponding three proteins coordinate their functions remains obscure. In the present study, we provided multiple lines of evidence supporting the notion that PVX TGBp2 functions as the molecular adaptor bridging the interaction between the RdRp/dsRNA body and TGBp3 by forming "chain mail"-like structures in the RdRp/dsRNA body, which can also enhance viral replication. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the replication and movement of PVX and possibly also other TGB-containing plant viruses.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

The Potato Virus X TGBp2 Protein Plays Dual Functional Roles in Viral Replication and Movement

Liu

Chai

et al. 2019

J Virol

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“…1b). The latter may appear likely given that plant viruses generally replicate their genomes in close association with endomembrane compartments (Jin et al, 2018;Laliberté and Sanfaçon, 2010;Verchot, 2011). In the case of the model plant virus Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), for example, replication takes place in viral replication complexes embedded in modified ER (Heinlein et al, 1998;Reichel and Beachy, 1998).…”

Section: Endomembrane-associated Intracellular Perception Of Dsrnamentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception of double‐stranded RNA in plant antiviral immunity

Niehl

Heinlein

2019

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Summary RNA silencing and antiviral pattern‐triggered immunity (PTI) both rely on recognition of double‐stranded (ds)RNAs as defence‐inducing signals. While dsRNA recognition by dicer‐like proteins during antiviral RNA silencing is thoroughly investigated, the molecular mechanisms involved in dsRNA perception leading to antiviral PTI are just about to be untangled. Parallels to antimicrobial PTI thereby only partially facilitate our view on antiviral PTI. PTI against microbial pathogens involves plasma membrane bound receptors; however, dsRNAs produced during virus infection occur intracellularly. Hence, how dsRNA may be perceived during this immune response is still an open question. In this short review, we describe recent discoveries in PTI signalling upon sensing of microbial patterns and endogenous ‘danger’ molecules with emphasis on immune signalling‐associated subcellular trafficking processes in plants. Based on these studies, we develop different scenarios how dsRNAs could be sensed during antiviral PTI.

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“…Plant virus replication and movement are genetically determined by a combination of viral and host factors coordinated in a temporal and spatial manner [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Viruses express their genes through an RNA intermediate [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility Genes to Plant Viruses

García-Ruíz

2018

Viruses

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Plant viruses use cellular factors and resources to replicate and move. Plants respond to viral infection by several mechanisms, including innate immunity, autophagy, and gene silencing, that viruses must evade or suppress. Thus, the establishment of infection is genetically determined by the availability of host factors necessary for virus replication and movement and by the balance between plant defense and viral suppression of defense responses. Host factors may have antiviral or proviral activities. Proviral factors condition susceptibility to viruses by participating in processes essential to the virus. Here, we review current advances in the identification and characterization of host factors that condition susceptibility to plant viruses. Host factors with proviral activity have been identified for all parts of the virus infection cycle: viral RNA translation, viral replication complex formation, accumulation or activity of virus replication proteins, virus movement, and virion assembly. These factors could be targets of gene editing to engineer resistance to plant viruses.

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Three-Dimensional Architecture and Biogenesis of Membrane Structures Associated with Plant Virus Replication

Cited by 46 publications

References 178 publications

The Potato Virus X TGBp2 Protein Plays Dual Functional Roles in Viral Replication and Movement

The Potato Virus X TGBp2 Protein Plays Dual Functional Roles in Viral Replication and Movement

Perception of double‐stranded RNA in plant antiviral immunity

Susceptibility Genes to Plant Viruses

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