Three-dimensional Anatomy of the Human Endolymphatic Sac

Bagger‐Sjöbäck, Dan; Jansson, Birgitta; Friberg, Ulla; Rask‐Andersen, Helge

doi:10.1001/archotol.1990.01870030109020

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The reason for this still remains obscure. Another major difference between humans and the earlier studied laboratory rodents is that the human endolymphatic sac, at least in the adult stage, does not display a single lumen, but on the contrary is split up in a network of parallel tubules in a very specific way [11]. These are particularly abundant in the intermediate and the distal portions of the sac which lie extratemporally within the dura mater.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Embryology of the Human Endolymphatic Duct and Sac

Bagger‐Sjöbäck

1991

ORL

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Endolymphatic sac specimens from human embryos, ranging in age from 8 to 20 weeks, were examined in order to get a good understanding of the embryological development. The gross development can be separated into three phases, with the first phase terminating around week 10, the second phase between weeks 11 and 15–16 and the third phase lasting to week 20. While presenting as an immature oval appendage emanating from the vestibule in the first phase, the sac then develops into its more mature shape with crypts and folds within the epithelial lining. The third period is characterized by splitting up of the lumen into separate tubules. The epithelial cells differentiate particularly during the second and third phases with light- and dark-staining cells as well as granulated cells. It is evident that the development of the endolymphatic sac is not finished by week 20, even though it has attained many of its adult characteristics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Embryology of the Human Endolymphatic Duct and Sac

Bagger‐Sjöbäck

1991

ORL

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“…Some of them have already been used for temporal bone imaging. But [25][26][27][28][29][30] main objectives. The following survey describes different classification criteria of possible approaches for 3D imaging of internal temporal bone structures including the inner ear:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Approach for 3D Imaging and Geometry Modeling of the Human Inner Ear

Vogel

1999

ORL

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Obtaining high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) geometry data performs a necessary assumption for modeling cochlear mechanics. Preferably this procedure has to be done noninvasively to preserve the original morphology. Depending on the actual application, various levels of spatial resolution and tissue differentiation should be reached. Here a new approach is presented which allows 3D imaging of temporal bone specimens with intact regions of interest and spatial resolution currently in the 10-μm range, but providing capabilities for future enhancements down to the submicron level. The technique is based on microtomography by X-rays or synchrotron radiation respectively. The structural data are reconstructed and converted to geometry data by 3D image processing, and eventually transferred into simulation environments, e.g., Finite Element Analysis, but may also be used for general visualization tasks in research, clinics, and education.

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“…It has been proposed that this differing signal within the compartments represents the subepithelial connective tissue or multitubular tissue of the pars rugosa, rather than the hyperosmolar proteinaceous contents of the endolymphatic sac. 11,14 The morphology of the low-signal compartments with their well-defined interfaces, the known variation in endolymphatic sac signal over time, 20 and the impressive erosion of bone around the endolymphatic sac 17 (consistent with hydraulic pressure) would be more indicative of a fluid-containing compartment than a solid tissue. The paucity of pars rugosa and connective tissue in the majority of previous pathological correlates, and the frequent extension of the low-signal compartment into the intraosseous endolymphatic sac away from the pars rugosa, would also argue against connective tissue or pars rugosa being responsible for this observation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic resonance imaging features of large endolymphatic sac compartments: audiological and clinical correlates

et al. 2012

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Objectives: (1) To study the prevalence and characteristics of large endolymphatic sac internal compartments on thin-section T2-and T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, and to relate these to other large endolymphatic sac magnetic resonance imaging features, and (2) to correlate the compartment imaging features, endolymphatic sac size and labyrinthine anomalies with the patients' clinical and audiological data.Method: Magnetic resonance imaging studies for 38 patients with large endolymphatic sac anomalies were retrospectively reviewed in a tertiary referral centre. Endolymphatic sac compartment presence, morphology and imaging signal were assessed. Endolymphatic sac size and labyrinthine anomalies were also recorded. Endolymphatic sac compartments and other imaging features were correlated with clinical and audiological data.Results: Compartments were present in 57 per cent of the imaged endolymphatic sacs, but their presence alone did not correlate with other imaging features or clinical data. The endolymphatic sac : internal auditory meatus signal ratio was associated with a history of sudden or fluctuating hearing loss. Hearing loss correlated with opercular and extraosseous endolymphatic sac size measurements. A larger midpoint intraosseous endolymphatic sac size was associated with clear fluid loss at cochlear implantation.Conclusion: The magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of large endolymphatic sac compartments have been defined. The endolymphatic sac size and distal compartment signal should be recorded, as these provide prognostic information and assist the planning of appropriate interventions.Key words: Hearing Loss; Endolymphatic Sac; Anatomy; Magnetic Resonance IntroductionThe large endolymphatic sac anomaly is a congenital abnormality which results in acquired hearing loss. It is one of the most frequent malformations of the inner ear recognisable on imaging studies.

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Three-dimensional Anatomy of the Human Endolymphatic Sac

Cited by 22 publications

References 11 publications

Embryology of the Human Endolymphatic Duct and Sac

Embryology of the Human Endolymphatic Duct and Sac

New Approach for 3D Imaging and Geometry Modeling of the Human Inner Ear

Magnetic resonance imaging features of large endolymphatic sac compartments: audiological and clinical correlates

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