Three-dimensional analysis of coronal root canal morphology of 136 permanent mandibular first molars by micro-computed tomography

Abstract

Background/purpose Minimally invasive endodontic approach become a research hotspot and may prevent the fracture of endodontically-treated teeth. This research aims to measure the coronal root canal morphology of permanent mandibular first molars in 3D and propose a new minimally invasive endodontic approach based on this measurement. Materials and methods Data of 136 permanent mandibular first molars were involved and reconstructed in 3D models with canals. Then, the morphology characteristics of the coronal root canal were measured. Results Overall, the distribution of root canal orifices was more centralized than other landmarks. The landmarks were located more mesiobuccally to the center of the occlusal plane of molars. Specifically, the measurements of the maximum curvature of coronal root canals in the axial direction were: in 3-canals 2-rooted teeth, the average angles of curvatures were 23°,25°,11° for mesiobuccal (MB), mesiolingual (ML) and distobuccal (DB) canals, respectively; in 4-canals 2-rooted teeth were 23°,25°,12°,16°for MB, ML, DB, and distolingual (DL) canals, respectively; in 4-canals 3-rooted teeth were 25°,27°,17°,39° for MB, ML, DB, and DL canals, respectively. The degrees of coronal root canal curvatures in the horizontal direction were: in 3-canals teeth, the average angles of curvatures were −1°,47°,-2° for MB, ML and DB canals, respectively; in 4-canals 2-rooted teeth were −4°,41°,-25°,48° for MB, ML, DB, and DL canals, respectively; in 4-canals 3-rooted teeth were −3°,33°,-43°,79° for MB, ML, DB, and DL canals, respectively. Conclusion The results of this study are similar to those previously obtained using CBCT and can help us design endodontic approaches.

Root and canal anatomy of mandibular first molars using micro-computed tomography: A systematic review

“…The maximum curvature of coronal root canals in the axial direction was determined as follows: in three-canaled, two-rooted mandibular first molars, the average curvature angles were 23°, 25°, 11° for the MB, ML, and distobuccal (DB) canals, respectively. In four-canaled, two-rooted teeth, they were 23°, 25°, 12°, and 16° for MB, ML, DB, and distolingual (DL) canals, respectively (18). Based on the aforementioned canal curvature outcomes, to overcome potential file damage or canal mishaps, attention and care must be taken while preparing the mesial canals, especially at the apical third.…”

“…A number of research methods have been used to study the root canal morphology of the permanent mandibular first molars. They include resin injection method (12), twodimensional (2D) radiographic imaging with and without hand files inserted into root canals (13), a clearing technique with the use of a dye (14,15), stereomicroscopy (16), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (17), computed tomography (CT) (16), cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) (6), and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) (18). According to a recent review, attention has been paid to the application of micro-CT in different research areas in endodontics such as root canal preparation (23.8%), canal system anatomy (17.4%), canal obturation (9.2%), and retreatment (7.0%) of the root canal system (19).…”

Minimal Invasive Endodontics: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

“…The problems of endodontic therapy are related to the intricacy of the individuality of the root canal system of the human pulpal system [ 27 ]. Throughout this therapy, steps should be followed for the maintenance of improved dental orientation, as well as to shape, access, and clean the canals in an effective manner.…”

“…The exposal of the single teeth could be demonstrated in single-line access and this exactly is taught to the dental students. The smallest dimension and the cavity exposure become stronger through this process and its success rate becomes very low for the patient hence the strategic implementation of the invasive strategy is required to structure the doctrinaire access paradigm more concisely [ 27 ]. The major strategic implementation that is absolutely associated with an invasive strategy is about shaping out of the root canal space more conveniently by allowing internal compressive force for the obstruction, to manage the required consideration that is associated with the invasive endodontics disinfectant and other cavity design, to create a restoration strategy for minimal invasion and the absolute protection by allowing the best possible positive report and not dependency as it is required to maintain the possibility over the root strengthening system…”

Experimental Study on the Characterization of Orientation of Polyester Short Fibers in Rubber Composites by an X-ray Three-Dimensional Microscope

“…As shown in Figure 1 , An X-ray three-dimensional microscope (micro-CT) [ 9 , 10 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ] is mainly composed of a micro-focus ray source system, a precision sample stage system, a high-resolution optocoupler detector, and a flat panel detector system. An X-ray three-dimensional microscope is an instrument developed based on the CT imaging principle.…”