Three-dimensional actuators transformed from the programmed two-dimensional structures via bending, twisting and folding mechanisms

Jeong, Kwang Un; Jang, Jin; Kim, Dae Yoon; Nah, Changwoon; Lee, Joong Hee; Lee, Myong Hoon; Sun, Hao; Wang, Chien‐Lung; Cheng, Stephen Z. D.; Thomas, Edwin L.

doi:10.1039/c0jm03631e

Cited by 138 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…hape-programmable matter refers to active materials that can be controlled by heat (1)(2)(3)(4)(5), light (6,7), chemicals (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13), pressure (14,15), electric fields (16,17), or magnetic fields (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33) to generate desired folding or bending. As these materials can reshape their geometries to achieve desired time-varying shapes, they have the potential to create mechanical functionalities beyond those of traditional machines (1,15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape-programmable magnetic soft matter

Lum

Zhou

Dong

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

500

475

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Shape-programmable matter is a class of active materials whose geometry can be controlled to potentially achieve mechanical functionalities beyond those of traditional machines. Among these materials, magnetically actuated matter is particularly promising for achieving complex time-varying shapes at small scale (overall dimensions smaller than 1 cm). However, previous work can only program these materials for limited applications, as they rely solely on human intuition to approximate the required magnetization profile and actuating magnetic fields for their materials. Here, we propose a universal programming methodology that can automatically generate the required magnetization profile and actuating fields for soft matter to achieve new time-varying shapes. The universality of the proposed method can therefore inspire a vast number of miniature soft devices that are critical in robotics, smart engineering surfaces and materials, and biomedical devices. Our proposed method includes theoretical formulations, computational strategies, and fabrication procedures for programming magnetic soft matter. The presented theory and computational method are universal for programming 2D or 3D time-varying shapes, whereas the fabrication technique is generic only for creating planar beams. Based on the proposed programming method, we created a jellyfish-like robot, a spermatozoid-like undulating swimmer, and an artificial cilium that could mimic the complex beating patterns of its biological counterpart.programmable matter | multifunctional materials | soft robots | magnetic actuation | miniature devices S hape-programmable matter refers to active materials that can be controlled by heat (1-5), light (6, 7), chemicals (8-13), pressure (14, 15), electric fields (16, 17), or magnetic fields (18-33) to generate desired folding or bending. As these materials can reshape their geometries to achieve desired time-varying shapes, they have the potential to create mechanical functionalities beyond those of traditional machines (1, 15). The functionalities of shape-programmable materials are especially appealing for miniature devices whose overall dimensions are smaller than 1 cm as these materials could significantly augment their locomotion and manipulation capabilities. The development of highly functional miniature devices is enticing because, despite having only simple rigid-body motions (34-36) and gripping capabilities (37), existing miniature devices have already been used across a wide range of applications pertaining to microfluidics (38, 39), microfactories (40, 41), bioengineering (42, 43), and health care (35, 44).Among shape-programmable matter, the magnetically actuated materials are particularly promising for creating complex timevarying shapes at small scales because their control inputs, in the form of magnetic fields, can be specified not only in magnitude but also in their direction and spatial gradients. Furthermore, as they can be fabricated with a continuum magnetization profile, m, along their bodies, these magne...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape-programmable magnetic soft matter

Lum

Zhou

Dong

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

500

475

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“…The simplest case of self-folding object is a tube which is formed by rectangular bilayers [24]. Helixes of different kinds are formed by polymer bilayers with the gradually changing ratio between polymers [25]. Envelope-like capsules with rounded corners or nearly spherical ones are formed the star-like polymer bilayers with four and six arms, respectively [24f, 24g, 26].…”

Section: Mechanism Of Foldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The active component can either swell/shrink or change its shape due to melting. In this way, cubes and pyramids are formed by patterned bilayer with the active junction elements [25,27]. Important, in all reported cases, folding runs in one step-active polymer changes its volume that results in simple bending.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Foldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lee fabricated partially biodegradable polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan [24f] and chitosan-poly(PEGMA-co-PEGDMA) bilayers [24g] which folds in water due to swelling of polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol, respectively. Jeong and Jang et al developed the approach for fabrication of millimeter size self-folding objects which are able for fold and form different 3D objects such as tube, cube, pyramids and helixes [25]. Water-swellable polydimethylsiloxane-polyurethane/ 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate complex bilayers and patterned films were used.…”

Section: Solvent Responsivementioning

confidence: 99%

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Nature‐Inspired Stimuli‐Responsive Self‐Folding Materials

Ionov¹

2013

Intelligent Stimuli‐Responsive Materials

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INTRODUCTIONEngineering of complex 3D constructs is a highly challenging task for the development of materials with novel optical properties, tissue engineering scaffolds, and elements of micro and nanoelectronic devices. Three-dimensional materials can be fabricated using a variety of methods including two-photon photolithography, interference lithography, molding [1]. The applicability of these methods is, however, substantially limited. For example, interference photolithography allows fabrication of 3D structures with limited thickness. Two-photon photolithography, which allows nanoscale resolution, is very slow and highly expensive. Assembling of 3D structures by stacking of 2D ones is time-consuming and does not allow fabrication of fine hollow structures.Fabrication of 3D microobjects using controlled folding/bending of thin filmsself-folding films-is novel and a very attractive research field [1, 2]. Self-folding films are the examples of biomimetic materials [1]. Such films, on the one hand, mimic movement mechanisms of plants [3] and, on the other hand, are able to selforganize and form complex 3D structures. The self-folding films consist of two materials with different properties. At least one of these materials, active one, can change its volume. Because of the non-equal expansion of the materials, the selffolding films are able to form a tubes-, capsules-or more complex-structure. Similar to origami, the self-folding films provide unique possibilities for the straightforward

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“…Saito et al 2011 introduced the concept of a cellular kirigami morphing wingbox. Three-dimensional actuators have been developed by transforming programmed two-dimensional structures via bending, twisting, and folding mechanisms (Jeong et al 2011). In this study, a novel design method for soft robots based on kirigami techniques is proposed to reproduce two biologically inspired morphologies.…”

Section: Kirigami Soft Roboticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kirigami artificial muscles with complex biologically inspired morphologies

Sareh¹,

Rossiter²

2012

Smart Mater. Struct.

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Abstract:In this paper we present bio-inspired smart structures which exploit the actuation of flexible ionic polymer composites and the kirigami design principle. Kirigami design is used to convert planar actuators into active 3D structures capable of large out-of-plane displacement and that replicate biological mechanisms. Here we present the burstbot, a fluid control and propulsion mechanism based on the atrioventricular cuspid valve, and the vortibot, a spiral actuator based on Vorticella campanula, a ciliate protozoa. Models derived from biological counterparts are used as a platform for design optimisation and actuator performance measurement. The symmetric and asymmetric fluid interactions of the burstbot are investigated and the effectiveness in fluid transport applications is demonstrated. The vortibot actuator is geometrically optimised as a camera positioner capable of 360 degree scanning. Experimental results for a one-turn spiral actuator show complex actuation derived from a single degree of freedom control signal.

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Three-dimensional actuators transformed from the programmed two-dimensional structures via bending, twisting and folding mechanisms

Cited by 138 publications

References 54 publications

Shape-programmable magnetic soft matter

Shape-programmable magnetic soft matter

Nature‐Inspired Stimuli‐Responsive Self‐Folding Materials

Kirigami artificial muscles with complex biologically inspired morphologies

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