Three-Dimensional (3D) Laparoscopy Versus Two-Dimensional (2D) Laparoscopy: A Single-Surgeon Prospective Randomized Comparative Study

Abstract

experienced surgeon is able over time to regain some vision of depth. To resolve this problem, 3D imaging for laparoscopic surgery was developed.

2D vs 3D laparoscopic right colectomy: A propensity score-matching comparison of personal experience with systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Our series did not show any statistically significant difference between the 3D approach compared to the 2D one in terms of anastomotic leakage and/or bleeding and such findings have been confirmed by the pooled results of meta-analysis and by Yoon et al[ 35 ] and Wang et al[ 36 ].…”

“…A comparative trial is ongoing, but preliminary results showed that the anastomotic time was really significantly lower when the anastomosis has been performed by novice surgeon. As 3D imaging can ameliorate depth perception, spatial location, hand-eye coordination, and precision during surgery, we agree with the hypothesis that these improvements can reflect on the learning curve allowing young surgeon to quickly achieve good result while it does not give the same advantages for experienced surgeons[ 36 ]. These findings are corroborated by the literature data demonstrating how both difficult and easy tasks were completed with greater precision and shorter performance time when medical students were working under 3D vision rather than 2D vision.…”

“…Neither intraoperative complications nor conversions occurred in the six included studies as well as in the study of Yoon et al[ 35 ] and in the study of Wang et al[ 36 ]⁠ In our PSM series conversion was required in 1 patient in the 2D group (2.1%) and in 1 patient in the 3D one (2.1%) ( P = 1.000). The causes of conversion have been extensively described above in the personal series results section.…”

“…With regard to operative time, the prospective randomized trial regarding all colorectal procedure included in qualitative evaluation[ 36 ]⁠ and the pooled analysis revealed a reduction in 3D laparoscopy while our series showed that such reduction was really clinically almost statistically detectable only when CME was carried out. Bracale et al[ 41 ] suggested that a shorter operative time is likely to translate into benefits for patients due to a lower rate of pulmonary complications.…”

“…Nine-teen papers were further eliminated with reasons thus 7 studies were considered eligible (Figure 2 ). One retrospective study conducted in Korea and one prospective randomized study conducted in China have been included only in the qualitative analysis because the outcomes of interest were not reported separately for right and left-sided colorectal cancer[ 35 , 36 ]. Finally, our PSM series and six relevant studies were selected which enrolled 551 patients (2D group = 291; 3D group = 260)[ 34 , 37 - 41 ].…”