Three Different Locations of a Sentinel Node Highlight the Importance of Performing a Sentinel Node Biopsy in Breast Cancer Recurrence

Abstract

A local breast cancer recurrence or a new breast cancer in the previously treated breast is a staging challenge. Staging is important to tailor the local and the systemic treatment. Earlier treatment(s) can disrupt the primary lymphatic drainage. After the disruption, new lymphatic drainage pathways are often created. The identification of these new pathways together with their sentinel node(s) (SN) is important for retreatment. A fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computerized tomography could be useful to identify the involved node(s), but, unfortunately, there is no evidence to support this. Ideally, in the case of a recurrence, an SN biopsy should be performed in order to identify the “new” draining lymph node(s). This new draining SN(s) can be located in unexpected places, and tumor invasion will lead to a change in the management.

Computer Simulation Modeling for Analyzing Mammary Gland Tumor Cells Aggression Level Restricted by Comparative Chemotherapy using Docetaxel and Doxorubicin Both with Cyclophosphamide

“…Previously two approaches, agent-based modeling and pharmacokineticpharmacodynamic modeling have been discussed for integrating them in oncology (Wang et al, 2015). In another work a model was presented regarding pharmacokinetics (the drugs dynamics in tissue) and pharmacodynamics (the corresponding effects on their targets) for personalizing computer simulation of mammary gland tumor treatment (Albert et al, 2016). McKenna et al (2018) has presented a computational model for chemotherapy in mammary gland tumor.…”

The predictive value of sentinel node biopsy in early breast cancer after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy: A prospective study

“…This concept of minimal invasive surgery for the axilla had fewer side effects than ALND (2)(3)(4). SN is the identification and subsequent excision of the first node(s) to which the tumour drains their lymphatic fluid (5)(6)(7). SN has been widely accepted as an accurate alternative to routine ALND for staging patients with early breast cancer (5)(6)(7).…”

“…SN is the identification and subsequent excision of the first node(s) to which the tumour drains their lymphatic fluid (5)(6)(7). SN has been widely accepted as an accurate alternative to routine ALND for staging patients with early breast cancer (5)(6)(7). Nowadays, SN is becoming the surgical procedure of choice to predict the axillary state in clinical negative breast cancer and avoids unnecessary morbidity (3,4,7).…”