Three cases of tularaemia in southern Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany, November 2007

Schätzle, W.; Schwenk, Robert

doi:10.2807/ese.13.07.08037-en

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Between 2002 and 2019, 14 case clusters were reported. Except for two with a connection to situations in other countries and one large outbreak caused by grape must (unintentional contamination) [7][8][9], the remaining 11 clusters consisted of 2 to 10 cases and were associated with contact with wild animals, nine of them in the context of hunting activities [12,13,37,[48][49][50][51][52]. Two outbreaks are presented in more detail below.…”

Section: Outbreaks Of Tularemia In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Francisella tularensis Subspecies holarctica and Tularemia in Germany

et al. 2020

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Tularemia is a zoonotic disease caused by Francisella tularensis a small, pleomorphic, facultative intracellular bacterium. In Europe, infections in animals and humans are caused mainly by Francisella tularensis subspecies holarctica. Humans can be exposed to the pathogen directly and indirectly through contact with sick animals, carcasses, mosquitoes and ticks, environmental sources such as contaminated water or soil, and food. So far, F. tularensis subsp. holarctica is the only Francisella species known to cause tularemia in Germany. On the basis of surveillance data, outbreak investigations, and literature, we review herein the epidemiological situation—noteworthy clinical cases next to genetic diversity of F. tularensis subsp. holarctica strains isolated from patients. In the last 15 years, the yearly number of notified cases of tularemia has increased steadily in Germany, suggesting that the disease is re-emerging. By sequencing F. tularensis subsp. holarctica genomes, knowledge has been added to recent findings, completing the picture of genotypic diversity and geographical segregation of Francisella clades in Germany. Here, we also shortly summarize the current knowledge about a new Francisella species (Francisella sp. strain W12-1067) that has been recently identified in Germany. This species is the second Francisella species discovered in Germany.

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Section: Outbreaks Of Tularemia In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Francisella tularensis Subspecies holarctica and Tularemia in Germany

et al. 2020

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“…Between 2002 and 2016, 10 case clusters were reported. Except for two with a connection to situations in other countries and one large outbreak caused by grape must (unintentional contamination), the remaining eight clusters consisted of 2–10 cases and were associated with contact to wild animals, five of them in the context of hunting activities (Straube and Hess, 1986 ; Hofstetter et al, 2006 ; Schätzle and Schwenk, 2008 ; Hauri et al, 2010 ; Schubert et al, 2011 ; Kohlmann et al, 2014 ; Boone et al, 2015 ; Borde et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Outbreaks In Humans and Sources Of Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tularemia in Germany—A Re-emerging Zoonosis

Faber

Heuner

Jacob

et al. 2018

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Tularemia, also known as “rabbit fever,” is a zoonosis caused by the facultative intracellular, gram-negative bacterium Francisella tularensis. Infection occurs through contact with infected animals (often hares), arthropod vectors (such as ticks or deer flies), inhalation of contaminated dust or through contaminated food and water. In this review, we would like to provide an overview of the current epidemiological situation in Germany using published studies and case reports, an analysis of recent surveillance data and our own experience from the laboratory diagnostics, and investigation of cases. While in Germany tularemia is a rarely reported disease, there is evidence of recent re-emergence. We also describe some peculiarities that were observed in Germany, such as a broad genetic diversity, and a recently discovered new genus of Francisella and protracted or severe clinical courses of infections with the subspecies holarctica. Because tularemia is a zoonosis, we also touch upon the situation in the animal reservoir and one-health aspects of this disease. Apparently, many pieces of the puzzle need to be found and put into place before the complex interaction between wildlife, the environment and humans are fully understood. Funding for investigations into rare diseases is scarce. Therefore, combining efforts in several countries in the framework of international projects may be necessary to advance further our understanding of this serious but also scientifically interesting disease.

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“…Lagomorphs and rodents are most susceptible to infection and disease by the bacterium [5]. In a number of European countries, brown hares are considered to be an important host of F. tularensis and transmission to humans is known to result from direct contact with hares [6,7].…”

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confidence: 99%

Tularaemia in a brown hare (Lepus europaeus) in 2013: first case in the Netherlands in 60 years

et al. 2013

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Tularaemia has not been reported in Dutch wildlife since 1953. To enhance detection, as of July 2011, brown hares (Lepus europaeus) submitted for post-mortem examination in the context of non-targeted wildlife disease surveillance, were routinely tested for tularaemia by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Francisella tularensis subspecies holarctica infection was confirmed in a hare submitted in May 2013. The case occurred in Limburg, near the site of the 1953 case. Further surveillance should clarify the significance of this finding.

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Three cases of tularaemia in southern Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany, November 2007

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Francisella tularensis Subspecies holarctica and Tularemia in Germany

Francisella tularensis Subspecies holarctica and Tularemia in Germany

Tularemia in Germany—A Re-emerging Zoonosis

Tularaemia in a brown hare (Lepus europaeus) in 2013: first case in the Netherlands in 60 years

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