1989
DOI: 10.1016/0889-5406(89)90350-8
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Three biologic variables modifying faciolingual tooth angulation by straight-wire appliances

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Cited by 127 publications
(90 citation statements)
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“…Previous determinations of ideal faciolingual inclinations have evaluated facial surface contours by a variety of methods on untreated ideal occlusions, treated occlusions, and tooth positioner setups (28,30). These studies have clearly demonstrated that facial surface contours relative to coronal long axes are subject to normal biologic variation (26,28,30). Hence, the validity of using these surfaces to evaluate faciolingual inclinations has not been established.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Previous determinations of ideal faciolingual inclinations have evaluated facial surface contours by a variety of methods on untreated ideal occlusions, treated occlusions, and tooth positioner setups (28,30). These studies have clearly demonstrated that facial surface contours relative to coronal long axes are subject to normal biologic variation (26,28,30). Hence, the validity of using these surfaces to evaluate faciolingual inclinations has not been established.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, torque expression is a result of the interaction of many factors: bracket design (12), wire / slot play (engagement angle) (12), mode of ligation, 12 bracket deformation (13), wire stiffness (12,14), magnitude of wire torsion and dimension (13,(15)(16)(17), and wire edge beveling (18)(19)(20)(21)(22). Clinical factors such as initial tooth inclination13 bracket position (14,23), and tooth anatomy (24)(25)(26)(27) are also determinants of torque expression.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Yellow circles indicate amounts of gable bends generated by the pliers. Japan), we aligned and leveled with a broad arch form (Ormco, Glendora, Calif) and referred to the studies of Andrews, 23 Germane et al, 24 and Park and Yang 25 for inclinations and angulations. We did not add a curve of Spee or a curve of Wilson (Fig 2, A).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Vertical positioning errors may be caused by limitations during bonding, as improper visualization of the teeth's long axis due to malocclusion of the patient [5,16], optical distortion of the actual proximal dimensions of teeth, diminute brackets size and morphological teeth variability in different individuals [17][18][19]. These errors may cause several consequences such as tooth intrusion/ extrusion, uneven marginal ridges, changes in torque [17] and in the buccolingual position of the tooth [20], inadequate intercuspation and inability to attain mutually protected guidances [5], thereby increasing the risk of relapse [17].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%