Three-Axis Atomic Magnetometer Employing Longitudinal Field Modulation

Ding, Zicheng; Yuan, Jie; Lu, Guangfeng; Li, Yingying; Long, Xingwu

doi:10.1109/jphot.2017.2743013

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…References [12,14] mainly considered the sensitivity of the magnetometer and they have done little research on its linear-response characteristics. Reference [15] demonstrated a three-axis atomic magnetometer employing longitudinal field modulation, which can not only measure the transverse components, but the longitudinal z-component of the external magnetic field, by extraction from the modulation frequency that tracks the resonance frequency. They modified the expression of the quasi-static magnetic field B tot to explain the reducing orthogonality of the magnetometer for larger transverse fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A modified analytical model of the alkali-metal atomic magnetometer employing longitudinal carrier field*

et al. 2021

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Alkali-metal atomic magnetometers employing longitudinal carrier magnetic field have ultrahigh sensitivity to measure transverse magnetic fields and have been applied in a variety of precise-measurement science and technologies. In practice, the magnetometer response is not rigorously proportional to the measured transverse magnetic fields and the existing fundamental analytical model of this magnetometer is effective only when the amplitudes of the measured fields are very small. In this paper, we present a modified analytical model to characterize the practical performance of the magnetometer more definitely. We find out how the longitudinal magnetization of the alkali metal atoms vary with larger transverse fields. The linear-response capacity of the magnetometer is determined by these factors: the amplitude and frequency of the longitudinal carrier field, longitudinal and transverse spin relaxation time of the alkali spins and rotation frequency of the transverse fields. We give a detailed and rigorous theoretical derivation by using the perturbation-iteration method and simulation experiments are conducted to verify the validity and correctness of the proposed modified model. This model can be helpful for measuring larger fields more accurately and configuring a desirable magnetometer with proper linear range.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A modified analytical model of the alkali-metal atomic magnetometer employing longitudinal carrier field*

et al. 2021

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“…8) The use of magnetic field vector information to improve the accuracy of the source estimation of biomagnetic fields and geomagnetic measurements 9,10) has been the focus of numerous studies on vector measurements using OPMs. [11][12][13][14] Several techniques have been considered for measuring magnetic fields in the blind direction of the SERF OPMs, including the simultaneous measurement of magnetic fields in the two axes in the plane perpendicular to the pump beam by spin precession [15][16][17] and fixing electron spins in the direction of the static magnetic field applied to the sensor cell. 18,19) However, these techniques have drawbacks, for example, the measurement accuracy variation with the signal frequency caused by the relaxation time 17) and the insensitive direction called the dead zone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector measurement of pico tesla magnetic fields using an optically pumped magnetometer by varying pump beam direction

Namita¹,

Ito²,

Kobayashi³

2021

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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Optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) with ultrahigh sensitivities are expected to be alternative magnetic sensors to superconducting quantum interference devices. Already studies on vector measurements using OPMs have been done, but they have several limitations, which have to be overcome. Herein, we proposed a new method to estimate the magnetic field direction for a pump-probe type OPM. The method measures the magnetic field by varying a pump beam direction in a plane perpendicular to the probe beam and then estimates the direction of the measurement field from the change in the magnitude of the acquired signal. The proposed principle was validated using numerical simulations assuming various conditions encountered in practical measurements. The simulation results indicated that our method can achieve an estimation accuracy of 0.1°, which satisfies the accuracy required in practical applications.

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“…Taking spin-exchange relaxation free (SERF) regime as an instance, one elementary premise of its ultra-high sensitivity is extremely weak surrounding field at the level of several nT. On the other hand, accurate coil constants are also important when large ambient field of several pT is generated by the coils [9]. Considering the relatively large current applied, significant discrepancy may emerge when the coil constants deviate from the original values.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these kinds of magnetometers, magnetic fields have to be maintained to particular values to satisfy the underlying physics, such as the steady-state operating point and the resonance point, or to increase the dynamic range and bandwidth of the magnetometer. Through feedback control, the magnitudes of the external magnetic fields are actually obtained in real time from the compensation value of coils [9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Coil Constant Calibration Method Based on the Phase-Frequency Response of Alkali Atomic Magnetometer

Yao

Zhao

et al. 2019

Photonic Sens

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We propose an in-situ method to calibrate the coil constants of the optical atomic magnetometer. This method is based on measuring the Larmor precession of spin polarized alkali metal atoms and has been demonstrated on a K-Rb hybrid atomic magnetometer. Oscillation fields of different frequencies are swept on the transverse coil. By extracting the resonance frequency through phase-frequency analysis of electron spin projection, the coil constants are calibrated to be 323.1 ± 0.28 nT/mA, 108 ± 0.04 nT/Ma, and 185.8 ± 1.03 nT/mA along the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively.

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Three-Axis Atomic Magnetometer Employing Longitudinal Field Modulation

Cited by 23 publications

References 21 publications

A modified analytical model of the alkali-metal atomic magnetometer employing longitudinal carrier field*

A modified analytical model of the alkali-metal atomic magnetometer employing longitudinal carrier field*

Vector measurement of pico tesla magnetic fields using an optically pumped magnetometer by varying pump beam direction

A Coil Constant Calibration Method Based on the Phase-Frequency Response of Alkali Atomic Magnetometer

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