Threats to the Cerrado remnants of the state of São Paulo, Brazil

Durigan, Giselda; Siqueira, Marinez Ferreira de; Franco, Geraldo Antônio Daher Corrêa

doi:10.1590/s0103-90162007000400006

Cited by 165 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…In the whole state of São Paulo, the use of fire on native vegetation has been prohibited by law since the year 2000. On private properties, farmers also protect their land from fire when used for crops, silviculture or pasture with exotic grasses [39]. Under these land uses, fire is negative, as it destroys what has been cultivated, including the dry biomass of exotic grass that is eaten by cattle in the winter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Woody encroachment and its consequences on hydrological processes in the savannah

Honda

Durigan²

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Woody encroachment due to changes in climate or in the disturbance regimes (fire and herbivory) has been observed throughout the savannah biome over the last century with ecological, hydrological and socioeconomic consequences. We assessed changes in tree density and basal area and estimated changes in rain interception by the canopies across a 5-year period over a biomass gradient in Cerrado vegetation protected from fire. We modelled throughfall, stemflow and net rainfall on the basis of tree basal area (TBA). Tree density increased by an average annual rate of 6.7%, basal area at 5.7% and rain interception by the canopies at 0.6% of the gross rainfall. Independent of the vegetation structure, we found a robust relationship of 0.9% less rainfall reaching the ground as TBA increases by 1 m 2 ha 21 . Increases in tree biomass with woody encroachment may potentially result in less water available for uptake by plants and to recharge rivers and groundwater reserves. Given that water is a seasonally scarce resource in all savannahs, woody encroachment may threaten the ecosystem services related to water resources.This article is part of the themed issue 'Tropical grassy biomes: linking ecology, human use and conservation'.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Woody encroachment and its consequences on hydrological processes in the savannah

Honda

Durigan²

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Durigan et al, 2007), up to almost 100% (at our grid resolution) of natural cover in the northern areas. Although the amount of habitat loss may be dependent of data sources and techniques, it is unlikely that they provide very different maps at the broad-scale resolution used in the analyses performed here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Agriculture, habitat loss and spatial patterns of human occupation in a biodiversity hotspot

Diniz-Filho¹,

Oliveira

Lobo

et al. 2009

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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The Cerrado biome, the second largest biome in Neotropical region, consists of a mosaic of different habitat types, ranging from open grasslands to dense woodlands and dry forests. An intensive recent occupation process has transformed it into the most important region for cattle ranching and intensive commodity crops in Brazil. In this study, a macroecological approach was used to evaluate broad-scale spatial patterns of habitat loss in the Brazilian Cerrado, applying a series of spatial autocorrelation and partial regression analyses to understand how the proportion of remaining natural habitats is correlated with socio-economic variables, expressing different dimensions of human occupation and climatic variation. On average, 59% of the area is occupied by natural remnants at the spatial scale analyzed, although patterns of habitat loss are strongly spatially structured, with a Moran's I spatial autocorrelation coefficient equal to 0.825 ± 0.055 (p < 0.001). The partial regression analysis explains 89% of variation in percentage of natural remnants. The highest proportion of variance is explained by the multiple overlap between human occupation, climatic variation and geographic structure (67%), as well as by the climatically structured component of human occupation (8%). Based on the space-time interactive process of human occupation in the biome, future scenarios should be rather pessimistic. If the wave of human occupation continues towards the northern parts of the biome, as expected, we can predict that percentages will decline rapidly including even stronger losses of habitat at the biome scale. Key words: MODIS, Brazilian Cerrado, spatial autocorrelation AGRICULTURA, PERDA DE HÁBITAT E PADRÕES ESPACIAIS DE OCUPAÇÃO HUMANA EM UM "HOTSPOT" DE BIODIVERSIDADERESUMO: O bioma Cerrado é o segundo maior da região Neotropical e é formado por mosaico de diferentes tipos de hábitats, desde campos abertos até florestas densas. Um recente e intensivo processo de ocupação humana tem transformado essa eco-região em uma das mais importantes regiões para agropecuária no Brasil. Uma abordagem macroecológica foi utilizada para elucidar padrões em amplas escalas espaciais de perdas de hábitat no Cerrado brasileiro, implementando técnicas de autocorrelação espacial e análises de regressão parcial para entender como a proporção de remanescentes de vegetação natural está correlacionada com variáveis socioeconômicas, expressando diferentes dimensões de ocupação humana e com variações climáticas. Em média, 59% da área é ocupada por remanescentes de vegetação, na escala da análise, mesmo que os padrões de perda de hábitat estejam fortemente estruturados no espaço, com o coeficiente de autocorrelação espacial de I de Moran igual a 0,825 ± 0,055 (p < 0 ,001). As análises de regressão parcial explicaram 89% da variação no percentual de remanescente de vegetação. A maior proporção da variância é explicada pela sobreposição múltipla entre a ocupação humana, variação climática e a estrutura geográfica (67%), bem como pelo co...

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“…Currently, it represents only 0.81% and occurs in small isolated fragments (Durigan et al, 2007). This study was conducted in the Cerrado of Estação Ecológica de Itirapina (EEI), in the cities of Itirapina and Brotas (22° 15' S and 47° 49' W) including an area of 2,720 ha (Figure 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat use by Collared Crescentchest (Melanopareia torquata) in a Cerrado in southeastern Brazil: implications for management

2012

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The Collared Crescentchest (Melanopareia torquata) is a small insectivore endemic to the Cerrado. We examine the habitat use of this bird in a preserved Cerrado area in southeastern Brazil. Despite its occurrence in grassland with shrubs, the species used these areas less frequently than expected. The Collared Crescentchest mainly used areas of campo cerrado, but it was not recorded in a disturbed one. The common occurrence of exotic grass (U. decumbens) and cattle grazing may have brought about factors for its occurrence. However, the preference for native grasses may indicate an adverse indirect relationship against its occurence as there is competition between native and exotic grasses in the Cerrado. The presence of the Collared Crescentchest included the highest density of tall shrubs (>1 m) and native grasses. Conservation of the species should involve preserved areas of campo cerrado with a dominance of native grasses and tall shrubs.Keywords: habitat use, endemic bird, Cerrado, management. Uso de habitat pelo tapaculo-de-colarinho (Melanopareia torquata) em um Cerrado do sudeste do Brasil: implicações para o manejoResumo O tapaculo-de-colarinho (Melanopareia torquata) é uma pequena ave insetívora e endêmica do Cerrado. Examinou-se o uso do habitat dessa ave em uma área de Cerrado preservado no sudeste do Brasil. Apesar de a espécie ser registrada em áreas campestres com arbustos, a sua ocorrência foi menos frequente do que o esperado. O tapaculo-de-colarinho utilizou principalmente áreas de campo cerrado, entretanto não foi registrado em áreas alteradas de campo cerrado. A ocorrência comum de gramíneas exóticas (U. decumbens) e o seu consumo frequente durante o pastoreio do gado podem ter sido fatores agravantes para a ausência da ave nessa área. Contudo, a presença de gramíneas exóticas não inibiu o registro da espécie. O tapaculo-de-colarinho está associado a microhabitat com maior densidade de arbustos altos (>1 m) e gramíneas nativas. Apesar de as gramíneas exóticas não inibirem a presença da espécie, a preferência por gramíneas nativas pode indicar uma relação adversa indireta em razão da competição entre espécies nativas e exóticas do Cerrado. A conservação da espécie envolve a preservação de áreas de campo cerrado com dominância de gramíneas nativas e arbustos altos.Palavras-chave: uso de habitat, ave endêmica, Cerrado, manejo.

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Threats to the Cerrado remnants of the state of São Paulo, Brazil

Cited by 165 publications

References 16 publications

Woody encroachment and its consequences on hydrological processes in the savannah

Woody encroachment and its consequences on hydrological processes in the savannah

Agriculture, habitat loss and spatial patterns of human occupation in a biodiversity hotspot

Habitat use by Collared Crescentchest (Melanopareia torquata) in a Cerrado in southeastern Brazil: implications for management

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