Threats of Invasive Species for China Caused by Expanding International Trade

“…These weeds not only invade new habitats easily and cause environmental and agricultural damages, but are trouble subgroups hard to identify, especially their small similar, about 1 mm diameter seeds (Ward et al, 2013;Costea, 2005;Steckel & Sprague, 2004;Xu et al, 2014). These invasive weed seeds often been carried by grain trades through different countries and continents, and have been intercepted from imported grains and monitored on the ports in China (Xu et al, 2012(Xu et al, , 2013. They have brought huge environmental and agricultural damage risks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of chloroplast genome to resolve the taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of invasive dioecious weeds in Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae)

Xu¹

2019

Preprint

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Backgroud: Amaranthus palmeri, A. tuberculatus and A. arenicola are alien invasive dioecious amaranths originated from North America which have similar morphology and complex taxonomic relationship with their relatives. To search for effective molecular methods and accurate species boundary for detecting the alien invasive species, we sequenced whole chloroplast genome of 6 amaranths species, of which A. palmeri , A. arenicola , A. retroflexus and A. dubius are the first reports.Results: The complete chloroplast genome of 6 species has a circular molecular structure of 150,454 to 150,939 bp in length with 36.6% of GC content and contains a total of 134 genes, including 89 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. There are a total of 802 parsimony-informative (PI) sites within genes and intergenic spacers. The rpl22-rps19 , ndhG-I , rpl 32- trnLUAG , trnPUGG-psaJ and ccsA - ndhD are the hotspots in the genus. And the 1,601 bp fragment from rpl32 to psaC has contained maximum variants with 82 PI sites. A. arenicola differs from A. tuberculatus with 19 PI sites located in 14 genes and spacers separately. The regions for differentiate A. dubius , A. hypochondriacus and A. caudatus of the Hybrid complex only fasten on 2 coding genes and 5 intergenic spacers. The patristic distances (0.00001-0.00005) among the three species are approximate to the distance (0.00005) between individuals of A. tuberculatus . Conformed to dioecious and monoecious distinctions but different with previous phylogenetic studies, A. palmeri clustered with A. arenicola and A. tuberculatus and formed a stable clade of subgen. Acnida .Conclusion: The chloroplast genome has played a role in offering enough information for discrimination and phylogenetic relationship among the Amaranthus subgen. Acnida . The most valuable regions of chloroplast genome in Amaranthus are intergenic spacers and could differentiate A. arenicola from A. tuberculatus better. Subsequently, much more Amaranthus species should be sequenced and analyzed complementally in the future.

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“…Despite the recent increase in research on biological invasions in China (Li and Xie 2002;Xu et al 2006Xu et al , 2012a, information regarding non-native fishes is still scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study is (1) to compile a comprehensive list of non-native fish species in China, (2) to summarize their basic taxonomic status and origins, (3) to characterize the vector of introduction, and (4) to annotate their putative impact on human health, fisheries, and freshwater ecosystems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-native freshwater fish species in China

Wen

Sui

Liang

et al. 2015

Rev Fish Biol Fisheries

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Non-native fishes are regarded as a serious threat to freshwater biodiversity. However, little information exists about non-native freshwater fish in China. This study compiled an inventory of non-native freshwater fish species in China based on various sources. The inventory includes a total of 439 freshwater fish species belonging to 22 orders, 67 families, and 256 genera. The four most dominant orders were Perciformes, Characiformes, Siluriformes, and Cypriniformes, accounting for 38.50 14.81 13.90, and 11.16 % of the non-native freshwater fish in China, respectively. Over one-third of non-native freshwater fish species were of South American origin (35.54 %), followed by Asian (23.01 %), and African (21.41 %) origins. The aquarium and aquaculture industries are the two main vectors responsible for the introduction of non-native fish species into China. The status and potential impacts of most non-native fishes are uncertain. This study summarizes the known ecological and economic effects of non-native freshwater fishes in China. The results demonstrate that there are enormous positive and negative impacts of non-native fishes on the economy, and that some non-native species are potential threats to humans and biodiversity in China. Therefore, more attention should be focused on non-native fishes in China in the future.

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Threats of Invasive Species for China Caused by Expanding International Trade

Cited by 15 publications

References 3 publications

Major drivers of invasion risks throughout the world

Major drivers of invasion risks throughout the world

Application of chloroplast genome to resolve the taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of invasive dioecious weeds in Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae)

Non-native freshwater fish species in China

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