Threatening faces fail to guide attention for adults with autistic‐like traits

English, Michael C. W.; Maybery, Murray T.; Visser, Troy A. W.

doi:10.1002/aur.1658

Cited by 17 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…The faces were converted to grey scale, reduced in size (width 250 pixels & height 350 pixels), and edited to ensure all faces had similar lighting, head sizes, and eyes at the same level. T1 stimuli consisted of two generic dog faces (drawn from) 58 . The choice of these stimuli was based on the fact that they yielded a robust AB in previous studies 58,64 , as well as because they were visually distinct from both T2 and distractors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T1 stimuli consisted of two generic dog faces (drawn from) 58 . The choice of these stimuli was based on the fact that they yielded a robust AB in previous studies 58,64 , as well as because they were visually distinct from both T2 and distractors. Distractor stimuli consisted of twelve KDEF faces that had scrambled facial features (see Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Distractor stimuli consisted of twelve KDEF faces that had scrambled facial features (see Fig. 1), also drawn from 58 . Both distractor stimuli and T1 were edited in the same manner as the target faces (grey scale, similar lighting, head sizes, and similar background).

Figure 1Schematic of the RSVP (lag 2 condition).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, increasing the temporal predictability of T2 greatly reduces the AB 50–53 . The AB is also reduced when the second target is motivationally or emotionally salient 54–56 , a participants’ own name 57 , or an angry face compared to a neutral face 54,58,59 . With this work in mind, here we examined whether social status can also influence the magnitude of the AB as a means of determining whether status biases attentional allocation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of dominance and prestige based social status on competition for attentional resources

Roberts

Palermo

Visser

2019

Sci Rep

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Social status can be attained through either dominance (coercion and intimidation) or prestige (skill and respect). Individuals high in either of these status pathways are known to more readily attract gaze and covert spatial attention compared to their low-status counterparts. However it is not known if social status biases allocation of attentional resources to competing stimuli. To address this issue, we used an attentional blink paradigm to explore non-spatial attentional biases in response to face stimuli varying in dominance and prestige. Results from a series of studies consistently indicated that participants were biased towards allocating attention to low- relative to high- dominance faces. We also observed no effects of manipulating prestige on attentional bias. We attribute our results to the workings of comparatively early processing stages, separate from those mediating spatial attention shifts, which are tuned to physical features associated with low dominance. These findings challenge our current understanding of the impact of social status on attentional competition.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Figure 1Schematic of the RSVP (lag 2 condition).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effects of dominance and prestige based social status on competition for attentional resources

Roberts

Palermo

Visser

2019

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…This indicated that the required sample size was 36 people. The high-and low-AQ groups were divided according to previous grouping criteria [31,32] and the range of AQ scores for the two groups [33,34]. According to their total scores, those who scored in the top 20% and bottom 20% were selected.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Autistic Trait-Related Joint Attention on Visual Working Memory

Wang¹,

Xuan²,

S³

2020

Preprint

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Background: Social attention deficits have been found in individuals with high autistic traits in the non-clinical population However, the eye movement patterns triggered by gaze direction still need to be explored in individuals with different levels of autistic traits, and it remains unknown whether autistic traits can modulate the relationship between joint attention and visual working memory. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of autistic traits on joint attention and whether autistic traits could further influence visual working memory performance through joint attention. Methods: A total of 46 participants who scored in the top and bottom 20% on the Chinese version of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) were divided into high- and low-AQ groups. We used a combination of the cueing paradigm, change detection task, and eye-tracking technique to explore behavioral performance and eye movement patterns. The 50% validity gaze and dot cues were set as social and nonsocial cues, respectively. Results: The low-AQ group showed shorter reaction times for the gaze-cued location but not for the dot condition and not for the high-AQ group. The low-AQ group had a higher fixation proportion, more fixation counts both in the gaze-cued and dot-cued locations, and shorter entry time into the target ROI under the valid gaze condition. The high-AQ group only showed a dot cueing effect with a higher fixation proportion and more fixation counts in dot-cued location.Limitations: The small number of memory items may have led participants to encode polygons into long-term memory, which limits the only interpretation of results on visual working memory. In addition, participants in this study were all undergraduates or graduate students, which may limit the generalizability of our findings to a broader population.Conclusions: This finding suggest that autistic traits influence the pattern of attention triggered by gaze and dot cues. Individuals with low-AQ were more adept at using gaze cues to direct attention, while high-AQ individuals were less sensitive to gaze cues and preferred non-social cues. The difference in joint attention further affected the speed of visual working memory.

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Psychometric Properties of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient for Assessing Low and High Levels of Autistic Traits in College Students

Stevenson

Hart²

2017

J Autism Dev Disord

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The current study systematically investigated the effects of scoring and categorization methods on the psychometric properties of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient. Four hundred and three college students completed the Autism-Spectrum Quotient at least once. Total scores on the Autism-Spectrum Quotient had acceptable internal consistency and test-retest reliability using a binary or Likert scoring method, but the results were more varied for the subscales. Overall, Likert scoring yielded higher internal consistency and test-retest reliability than binary scoring. However, agreement in categorization of low and high autistic traits was poor over time (except for a median split on Likert scores). The results support using Likert scoring and administering the Autism-Spectrum Quotient at the same time as the task of interest with neurotypical participants.

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Threatening faces fail to guide attention for adults with autistic‐like traits

Cited by 17 publications

References 95 publications

Effects of dominance and prestige based social status on competition for attentional resources

Effects of dominance and prestige based social status on competition for attentional resources

Effects of Autistic Trait-Related Joint Attention on Visual Working Memory

Psychometric Properties of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient for Assessing Low and High Levels of Autistic Traits in College Students

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