Threatened neotropical birds are big, ecologically specialized, and found in less humanized refuge areas

Soto-Saravia, Ricardo; Garrido-Cayul, Carla; Avaria‐Llautureo, Jorge; Benítez-Mora, Alfonso; Hernández, Cristián E.; González‐Suárez, Manuela

doi:10.5751/ace-01948-160218

Cited by 3 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…We organized species into dietary groups (Wilman et al., 2014) and summarized sensitivities across all disturbance levels and for 3 habitat types (mature forest fragments, regenerating forest [early successional vegetation], and agriculture). We used logistic regression to test how 6 variables that quantify behavioral and environmental specialization predicted species‐specific sensitivities (Ausprey et al., 2022; Soto‐Saravia et al., 2021): global range size (Tobias et al., 2022), elevational range breadth (Quintero & Jetz, 2018), extent of insectivorous and carnivorous diets, and breadth of foraging strata and diet (Wilman et al., 2014) (function glm [R Core Team, 2022]). Because global range size and elevation range breadth were partially correlated ( r = 0.41), we extracted the residuals from the regression of log(elevation) ∼ log(range) + log(range) 2 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of tropical montane birds to anthropogenic disturbance and management strategies for their conservation in agricultural landscapes

Ausprey

Newell

Robinson

2023

Conservation Biology

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Tropical montane bird communities are hypothesized to be highly sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance because species are adapted to a narrow range of environmental conditions and display high rates of endemism. We assessed avian sensitivity at regional and continental scales for a global epicenter of montane bird biodiversity, the tropical Andes. Using data from an intensive field study of cloud forest bird communities across 7 landscapes undergoing agricultural conversion in northern Peru (1800–3100 m, 2016–2017) and a pan‐Andean synthesis of forest bird sensitivity, we developed management strategies for maintaining avian biodiversity in tropical countrysides and examined how environmental specialization predicts species‐specific sensitivity to disturbance. In Peru, bird communities occupying countryside habitats contained 29–93% fewer species compared with those in forests and were compositionally distinct due to high levels of species turnover. Fragments of mature forest acted as reservoirs for forest bird diversity, especially when large or surrounded by mixed successional vegetation. In high‐intensity agricultural plots, an addition of 10 silvopasture trees or 10% more fencerows per hectare increased species richness by 18–20%. Insectivores and frugivores were most sensitive to disturbance: abundance of 40–70% of species declined in early successional vegetation and silvopasture. These results were supported by our synthesis of 816 montane bird species studied across the Andes. At least 25% of the species declined due to all forms of disturbance, and the percentage rose to 60% in agricultural landscapes. The most sensitive species were those with narrow elevational ranges and small global range sizes, insectivores and carnivores, and species with specialized trophic niches. We recommend protecting forest fragments, especially large ones, and increasing connectivity through the maintenance of early successional vegetation and silvopastoral trees that increase avian diversity in pastures. We provide lists of species‐specific sensitivities to anthropogenic disturbance to inform conservation status assessments of Andean birds.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of tropical montane birds to anthropogenic disturbance and management strategies for their conservation in agricultural landscapes

Ausprey

Newell

Robinson

2023

Conservation Biology

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“…Species data do not represent independent observations because their characteristics and biogeography are influenced by their ancestor-descendant relationships (Estrada et al, 2017;Soto-Saravia et al, 2021). Therefore, we assigned categorical values of relatedness to each species, starting with the oldest genus, according to Perelman et al (2011), complemented by Garbino (2015) (to support the marmoset division) and Lima et al (2017) (to support the capuchin division) (Supplementary Material 1).…”

Section: Species and Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…both restricted and wide‐ranging species are threatened) and (ii) persistence data (e.g. the minimum area required for maintaining viable populations and home ranges) are not available for all species (Henriquez et al ., 2021; Soto‐Saravia et al ., 2021; Fleming et al ., 2022; Lees et al ., 2022; Pérez‐Pereira et al ., 2022). Therefore, analyses that support species hierarchization (also called priority‐setting tools) are necessary, and should be used to improve protection lists and for set species conservation targets for selected conservation areas (Dunn, Hussell, & Welsh, 1999; Le Berre et al ., 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, analyses that support species hierarchization (also called priority‐setting tools) are necessary, and should be used to improve protection lists and for set species conservation targets for selected conservation areas (Dunn, Hussell, & Welsh, 1999; Le Berre et al ., 2019). To address these issues, it is necessary to understand how intrinsic (life history) and extrinsic (anthropic threats) vulnerability drivers are correlated with extinction risk since not all species are equally susceptible to these threats (Lambeck, 1997; Mace, Possingham, & Leader‐Williams, 2007; Donlan et al ., 2010; Soto‐Saravia et al ., 2021). Here, we use the term threat context to refer to a scenario for the threat categories, using a combination of landscape characteristics of a species' range (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How do landscape and life history traits contribute to the threat context of Brazilian primates?

Matte,

Buss,

Fialho

et al. 2023

Animal Conservation

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Brazilian primates differ regarding landscape characteristics within their ranges (e.g. habitat availability) and life‐history traits (e.g. body size). These landscape and life history attributes may be related to extinction risk. Here, we verified how such attributes correlate with primate threat categories. We considered 124 Brazilian primates based on the 2014 Brazilian list of threatened (Critically Endangered, Endangered and Vulnerable) and non‐threatened (Least Concern and Near Threatened) species. We then characterized their landscape (i.e. habitat availability, habitat loss and fragmentation, indigenous lands, roads, urban areas, deforestation arch) and life‐history attributes (i.e. body weight, gestation length and generation time), which together make up the threat context for each threat category. We compared threat categories to identify differences in such attributes, considering biome (Atlantic Forest, Amazon, Caatinga and Cerrado) as a factor and testing for phylogenetic effect. We investigated the attributes responsible for group characterization for specific threats and binary threatened/non‐threatened categories. We show that life history and landscape attributes differ across biomes. However, only landscape features varied across biomes. In the Amazon, the threatened categories reached the highest level of habitat loss in the last 30 years, while in the Atlantic Forest, the landscape of threatened species had the highest proportions of roads and urban areas. Most threatened species landscapes in the Caatinga and Cerrado were highly fragmented. We found a positive link between human impacts and extinction risk in the Amazon. In the other biomes, anthropogenic landscape characteristics were associated with threatened and non‐threatened species. Threatened species tended to have large bodies and a slow life history, regardless of the biome. The more closely related the species, the more similar the traits. We suggest considering biomes and threat categories together with specific landscape and life history attributes to distinguish primate threat context for species conservation priority‐setting.

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“…We focused on ground‐dwelling birds, a group sensitive to habitat degradation and indicators of habitat quality (Powell, Cordeiro, & Stratford, 2015; Kupsch et al ., 2019), and medium and large mammals, which play key functional roles in tropical ecosystems (Laurance, Vasconcelos, & Lovejoy, 2000; Lino et al ., 2019). Throughout the tropics, these species are highly vulnerable to extinction in human modified landscapes (Rovero et al ., 2020; Soto‐Saravia et al ., 2021). To our knowledge, ground‐dwelling avifauna has not been studied in shade coffee plantations globally even though many species occur in prime coffee‐growing elevations, and some are known to be endangered (e.g., antpittas [Grallaridae]: Kattan & Beltran, 1999; Greeney, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous forest at higher elevation plays a key role in maintaining bird and mammal diversity across an Andean coffee‐growing landscape

Bedoya-Durán

Jones

Malone

et al. 2023

Animal Conservation

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Shade coffee is among the most widespread and economically important crops in montane tropical regions and is considered more hospitable to wildlife than non‐shaded crops. Questions remain regarding the value of shade coffee as habitat for wildlife, however, given the historical research focus on small‐bodied and canopy species. Simultaneously, climate‐driven upslope migration of coffee crops represents an emerging threat to well‐conserved tropical montane forest at higher elevations. This study examined ground‐dwelling birds and medium‐large mammals in a shade coffee landscape of the Western Andes of Colombia. We asked the following questions: (1) How do bird and mammal occupancy, richness, and community composition change from continuous forest at higher elevations to middle‐elevation forest fragments and shade coffee? (2) Do birds and mammals differ in their response to shade coffee? (3) Do high‐elevation forests contribute to maintaining biodiversity in mid‐elevation shade coffee? We sampled birds and mammals with camera traps in middle‐elevation shade coffee plantations and forest fragments and in continuous forest further upslope. We then used a multi‐species occupancy model to correct for imperfect detection and to estimate occupancy, richness, and community composition. Shade coffee lacked ~50% of the bird and mammal species found in continuous forest, primarily large‐bodied and insectivorous birds and forest‐specialist and large‐bodied mammals. Forest fragment richness was closer to shade coffee than to continuous forest, but species composition significantly differed between coffee and both forest types. Birds in coffee plantations were generally a unique subset of disturbance‐adapted specialists, whereas mammals in coffee were mostly generalists. Distance from continuous forest was the most important landscape‐level predictor of occupancy for both taxa, suggesting that this forest plays a key role in maintaining biodiversity across the coffee landscape. Biodiversity conservation in shade coffee landscapes, therefore, will be ineffective unless linked to landscape‐level initiatives that conserve higher elevation tropical montane forest.

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Threatened neotropical birds are big, ecologically specialized, and found in less humanized refuge areas

Cited by 3 publications

References 65 publications

Sensitivity of tropical montane birds to anthropogenic disturbance and management strategies for their conservation in agricultural landscapes

Sensitivity of tropical montane birds to anthropogenic disturbance and management strategies for their conservation in agricultural landscapes

How do landscape and life history traits contribute to the threat context of Brazilian primates?

Continuous forest at higher elevation plays a key role in maintaining bird and mammal diversity across an Andean coffee‐growing landscape

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