Abstract:Mediterranean wetlands are among the most threatened natural areas. The needs and demands of an increasing human population are modifying land use and converting natural habitats into artificial areas. In order to combat these trends, effective conservation planning needs to provide clear, systematic identification of threats to find sustainable conservation strategies. In this case study, we evaluated current threats in the Gediz Delta (Turkey) using a multi-method approach. First, we did a comprehensive lite… Show more
“…Also cotton, fruit and legumes are the main farming items in the region (ÇOB, 2007). Gediz Delta, with a biogeographic diversity host nearly 80,000 wetland birds in a year (Arslan et al 2021). The study area is given in Figure 1.…”
Generation of flood inundation maps is beneficial in flood risk assessment and evaluation. Flood inundation mapping can be achieved by many remote sensing techniques like change detection (CD) with thresholding and machine learning-based (ML) methods. Optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery are widely used, provided by different satellite systems. This study used Sentinel-1 SAR and Sentinel-2 MSI satellite data in Google Earth Engine (GEE) with supervised ML algorithms. Gediz Plain, Turkey was selected as the study area, which is an agricultural area covered mostly by croplands. A flood event that occurred on February 2, 2021, was examined and flood inundation map for the study area was composed. Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest (RF) and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) ML algorithms were selected and models were trained with manually created labelled data in GEE. Also, CD was applied on after and before event SAR images in a traditional approach. RF classifier performs best in Sentinel-2 MSI imagery with 94% overall classification accuracy where KNN classifier gives 93.3% accuracy value for Sentinel-1 SAR dataset, indicating the robustness of SAR imagery for all-weather conditions.
“…Also cotton, fruit and legumes are the main farming items in the region (ÇOB, 2007). Gediz Delta, with a biogeographic diversity host nearly 80,000 wetland birds in a year (Arslan et al 2021). The study area is given in Figure 1.…”
Generation of flood inundation maps is beneficial in flood risk assessment and evaluation. Flood inundation mapping can be achieved by many remote sensing techniques like change detection (CD) with thresholding and machine learning-based (ML) methods. Optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery are widely used, provided by different satellite systems. This study used Sentinel-1 SAR and Sentinel-2 MSI satellite data in Google Earth Engine (GEE) with supervised ML algorithms. Gediz Plain, Turkey was selected as the study area, which is an agricultural area covered mostly by croplands. A flood event that occurred on February 2, 2021, was examined and flood inundation map for the study area was composed. Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest (RF) and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) ML algorithms were selected and models were trained with manually created labelled data in GEE. Also, CD was applied on after and before event SAR images in a traditional approach. RF classifier performs best in Sentinel-2 MSI imagery with 94% overall classification accuracy where KNN classifier gives 93.3% accuracy value for Sentinel-1 SAR dataset, indicating the robustness of SAR imagery for all-weather conditions.
Context Bird species have been studied and documented abundantly in the past decades and are good indicators of ecosystem conditions, providing useful information of the changes in the ecological state of wetlands over time. However, monitoring data for birds in wetland sites are often disparate and not homogeneous over time and among species, which complicates the interpretation of trends. Aims We examined historical literature from 1835 to 2019, complemented by an expert knowledge survey and citizen-science databases to estimate the abundance of species, and evaluated changes in the structure and composition by average bird abundances. Key results Our results suggested that land-cover and land-use changes have shaped the local bird community, with a decline in agricultural and grassland bird species as a result of changes in agricultural practices. Coastal wetland and marine birds have increased in abundance, most probably linked to the extension of saltpans and successful conservation measures. Conclusions These trends in bird communities demonstrate the impacts of different land management strategies on biodiversity. Implications This methodology can be replicated in other Ramsar and wetland sites around the world to raise new conservation issues and improve site conservation.
Monitoring land use / land cover changes is essential for planning and management activities to conserve a particular habitat. In this study, the authors mapped land use / land cover changes in the Gediz Delta (Turkey) between 1984-2020 using Earth Observation and Geographic Information Systems. The maps were built upon the Horizon-2020 satellite-based wetlands observation service processing methodology and algorithms. The authors compared changes inside and outside the Ramsar Area in the Gediz Delta. The results indicate more than 147% increase in built-up areas and decreases of 33% in natural wetland habitats and 27% in natural drylands. The urbanization occurred mainly outside of the Ramsar designated site, but within the Ramsar site, there were increases in artificial wetland habitats and sea waters, with losses in natural wetland habitats. This study provides important monitoring information for managing the land resource in order to conserve the delta and its biodiversity in the future.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.