“…For example, a memory cell can be "fully owned" by a thread, permitting both reading and writing; "partially owned", permitting only reading; or "unowned", permitting nothing; the initial model of fractional shares [8] was rationals in [0, 1]. Since their introduction, many program logics have used a variety of flavors of fractional permissions to verify programs [8,7,33,18,3,37,2,24,38,15,26,14].…”