2021
DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2021.103299
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Thoughts on cartilage tissue engineering: A 21st century perspective

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Cited by 44 publications
(37 citation statements)
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References 150 publications
(130 reference statements)
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“…1,2 In cases of acute trauma and chronic wear, articular cartilage will suffer from varying degrees of damage, oen causing joint pain, limited mobility, and even loss of function. [3][4][5] Due to the low degree of vascularization, the nutrition of cartilage tissue mainly comes from the joint uid, and its ability to regenerate is very limited if a traumatic or pathological event occurs. 6,7 Currently, the methods used to treat cartilage defects include surgeries contain microfractures, autologous osteochondral transplantation, and autologous chondrocyte implantation.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…1,2 In cases of acute trauma and chronic wear, articular cartilage will suffer from varying degrees of damage, oen causing joint pain, limited mobility, and even loss of function. [3][4][5] Due to the low degree of vascularization, the nutrition of cartilage tissue mainly comes from the joint uid, and its ability to regenerate is very limited if a traumatic or pathological event occurs. 6,7 Currently, the methods used to treat cartilage defects include surgeries contain microfractures, autologous osteochondral transplantation, and autologous chondrocyte implantation.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, collagen bers are parallel to the articular surface in the supercial regions of the articular cartilage and even perpendicular to the articular surface in the deep regions. 2,3,17 Therefore, the ideal biological material should have the ability to rebuild three-dimensional tissue and have the structure of mimicking natural cartilage tissue.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Repairing cartilage tissue remains a serious clinical challenge. The global prevalence of cartilage problems has risen rapidly in recent years, and it is expected to quadruple by 2040 (Stampoultzis et al, 2021). With the rapid breakthroughs in tissue engineering, cartilage regeneration via transplantation of artificial constructs has become a viable approach.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…They are small enough to be delivered in a minimally invasive way through a syringe and needle, such as with the microspheres used for controlled release of drugs, but they are also large enough to provide a surface for cells to grow on, particularly in the case of microcarriers, or to build up 3D structures in the case of granular hydrogels. In the context of cartilage TE, the use of biomaterial scaffolds, including those based on hydrogels [24][25][26], as well as the use of nanomaterials, particularly nanoparticles used for controlled delivery [27,28], have been extensively and recently reviewed elsewhere.…”
Section: Background On Microspheres Microcarriers and Granular Hydrogelsmentioning
confidence: 99%