Thought Disorder Index: A longitudinal study of severity levels and schizophrenia factors

Metsänen, Miia; Ke, Wahlberg; Hakko, Helinä; Saarento, O; Tienari, Pekka

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.03.004

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Of these, disorganized symptoms have received the least attention, as many early models combined disorganized and reality distortion symptoms to form the positive cluster (Crow, 1980). However, disorganized symptoms have proven to hold important implications in schizophrenia, as their presence is linked with poor occupational functioning (Smith et al, 2002;Evans et al, 2004) and long-term disease course (Shenton et al, 1992;Metsanen et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Necessary, but not sufficient: Links between neurocognition, social cognition, and metacognition in schizophrenia are moderated by disorganized symptoms

Minor

Lysaker

2014

Schizophrenia Research

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Necessary, but not sufficient: Links between neurocognition, social cognition, and metacognition in schizophrenia are moderated by disorganized symptoms

Minor

Lysaker

2014

Schizophrenia Research

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“…In fact, several researchers have suggested that we should consider completely separating symptom dimensions in studying the course and outcome of schizophrenia, i.e., viewing reality distortion (delusions and hallucinations) as independent from disorganization (e.g., conceptual disorganization, bizarre behavior). Furthermore, symptoms of disorganization have been identified as risk factors for a worse course of illness (Shenton et al 1992; Reed et al 2002; Metsanen et al 2004; Metsanen et al 2006). Providing additional support for a separate examination of positive symptoms, some evidence suggests that disorganization might be a stronger predictor of community functioning than reality distortion (Norman et al 1999; Ventura et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disorganization and reality distortion in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of the relationship between positive symptoms and neurocognitive deficits

Ventura¹,

Thames²,

Wood³

et al. 2010

Schizophrenia Research

152

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Background Factor analytic studies have shown that in schizophrenia patients, disorganization (conceptual disorganization, bizarre behavior) is a separate dimension from other types of positive symptoms such as reality distortion (delusions and hallucinations). Although some studies have found that disorganization is more strongly linked to neurocognitive deficits and poor functional outcomes than reality distortion, the findings are not always consistent. Methods A meta-analysis of 104 studies (combined n = 8,015) was conducted to determine the magnitude of the relationship between neurocognition and disorganization as compared to reality distortion. Additional analyses were conducted to determine whether the strength of these relationships differed depending on the neurocognitive domain under investigation. Results The relationship between reality distortion and neurocognition was weak (r = -.04; p=.03) as compared to the moderate association between disorganization and neurocognition (r = -.23; p <.01). In each of the six neurocognitive domains that were examined, disorganization was more strongly related to neurocognition (r’s range from -.20 to -.26) than to reality distortion (r’s range from .01 to -.12). Conclusions The effect size of the relationship between neurocognition and disorganization was significantly larger than the effect size of the relationship between neurocognition and reality distortion. These results hold across several neurocognitive domains. These findings support a dimensional view of positive symptoms distinguishing disorganization from reality distortion.

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“…10 However, recent research places a great deal of emphasis on the similarities of FTDs among schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients, suggesting that these similarities are the expression of a more general overlap in sociodemographic and phenotypic characteristics and in pathophysiology treatment and genetic vulnerability. 11,12 Thus, some authors conceptualize these diagnoses as disorders differing in quantitative terms that may well discard the kraepelinian dichotomy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the Hypothesis That Formal Thought Disorders Are Severe Mood Disorders

Cuesta

Peralta

2011

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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Background: It was recently hypothesized by Lake (Schizophrenia Bulletin 2008; 34: 109-117) that Formal Thought Disorder (FTD) can be accounted for by a single disorder that is currently diagnosed as bipolar disorder. Objectives:This study aimed to analyze the underlying dimensions of FTD and to examine to what extent FTD factors can be accounted for by clinical distractibility, attentional impairment, severity of mania, and familial liability of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Methods: Six hundred and sixty inpatients were assessed using a semistructured interview, and FTDs were assessed with the Thought, Language, and Communication scale. ''Inattentiveness during Mental Status Testing'' item of the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms scale and a composite mania score were used. The Family History-Research Diagnostic Criteria was used. Results: FTD is a multidimensional construct comprised at least 5 dimensions: disorganization, verbosity, poverty of speech, idiosyncratic thinking, and blocking. Clinical distractibility loadings split in 2 factors, disorganization and blocking, but it did not load on the mania-related (verbosity) factor. Attentional disturbance was significantly associated with each FTD factor except for idiosyncratic thinking, and these associations were largely independent from the severity of mania. The associations of FTDs with mania and attentional disturbances were independent from each other. FTD factors were not significantly associated with familial liability to bipolar or to schizophrenia. Conclusions: Disorganization was the main FTD component. Distractibility was a core feature of FTD factors but it was not specifically accounted for by mania-related attentional impairment. The hypothesis of mutual interdependence between mania and attentional disturbance leading to FTDs could not be confirmed.

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Thought Disorder Index: A longitudinal study of severity levels and schizophrenia factors

Cited by 23 publications

References 23 publications

Necessary, but not sufficient: Links between neurocognition, social cognition, and metacognition in schizophrenia are moderated by disorganized symptoms

Necessary, but not sufficient: Links between neurocognition, social cognition, and metacognition in schizophrenia are moderated by disorganized symptoms

Disorganization and reality distortion in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of the relationship between positive symptoms and neurocognitive deficits

Testing the Hypothesis That Formal Thought Disorders Are Severe Mood Disorders

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