Thought and Choice in Chess

Groot, Adrianus Dingeman de

doi:10.1515/9783110800647

Cited by 462 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, it is possible that there is no link between high proficiency in two languages and advantages in executive functioning during young adulthood. De Groot (1978) reported that higher proficiency in a skill (his study focused on chess) would translate into better focus and attention to meaningful patterns in the exercise of that specific skill but benefits would not necessarily be seen in meaningless (irrelevant) tasks. It may be that highly proficient Spanish–English bilinguals do not outperform other groups on verbal or non-verbal tasks because the tasks tested have no relevance to effective communication in Spanish.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of language proficiency on executive functions in balanced and unbalanced Spanish–English bilinguals

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study analyzed the association between levels of language proficiency and levels of bilingualism and performance on verbal and nonverbal executive functions (working memory, updating, shifting, and inhibition tasks) in young bilinguals. Forty balanced (high and low proficiency), 34 unbalanced bilinguals, and 40 English monolinguals, were selected. The Bilingual Verbal Ability Test was used as a measure of language proficiency; WAIS Block design test was used as a measure of non-verbal intelligence. High proficiency balanced bilinguals performed better than low proficiency balanced bilinguals; unbalanced bilinguals scored in between both balanced groups. High proficiency monolinguals scored higher than low proficiency monolinguals and similar to high proficiency bilinguals. Regression analyses demonstrated that nonverbal intelligence significantly predicted performances on verbal working memory and verbal and nonverbal inhibition tasks. It was concluded that nonverbal intelligence scores are better predictors of executive function performance than bilingualism or language proficiency.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of language proficiency on executive functions in balanced and unbalanced Spanish–English bilinguals

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, detection of well-defined targets in arrays of letters and numbers becomes faster and more accurate with practice (Schneider & Shiffrin, 1977; Shiffrin & Schneider, 1977). Expertise also facilitates discrimination of stimuli that vary in configuration, such as arrangements of chess pieces (Chase & Simon, 1973; De Groot, 1978), models of car and species of bird or dog (Tanaka & Taylor, 1991), and greebles (artificial face-like stimuli; Gauthier & Tarr, 1997). An individual who repeatedly attempts to differentiate between bird species, for example, may develop sensitivity to dimensions that meaningfully differentiate the species (and de-emphasize dimensions that do not).…”

Section: Perceptual Enrichmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Of Kith and Kin: Perceptual Enrichment, Expectancy, and Reciprocity in Face Perception

Correll

Hudson

Guillermo

et al. 2016

Pers Soc Psychol Rev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Race powerfully affects perceivers' responses to faces, promoting biases in attention, classification, and memory. To account for these diverse effects, we propose a model that integrates social cognitive work with two prominent accounts of visual processing: perceptual learning and predictive coding. Our argument is that differential experience with a racial ingroup promotes both (a) perceptual enrichment, including richer, more well-integrated visual representations of ingroup relative to outgroup faces, and (b) expectancies that ingroup faces are normative, which influence subsequent visual processing. By allowing for "top-down" expectancy-based processes, this model accounts for both experience- and non-experience-based influences, such as motivation, context, and task instructions. Fundamentally, we suggest that we treat race as an important psychological dimension because it structures our social environment, which in turn structures mental representation.

show abstract

“…The methodology of the expert-performance approach remedies this issue by identifying a number of situations from a game environment where one would present participants with the task of executing an immediate short sequence of actions. This method (Ericsson and Smith, 1991 ; Ericsson, 2006b ) was derived from de Groot's ( 1978 ) work in chess where he presented players with challenging chess positions and required that they select the best subsequent move. By using a standard representative task, it becomes possible to compare individuals of different skill levels within a narrowly defined problem space.…”

Section: Using the Expert Performance Approach To Evaluate Skill And mentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncovering mechanisms in video game research: suggestions from the expert-performance approach

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thought and Choice in Chess

Cited by 462 publications

References 0 publications

The effect of language proficiency on executive functions in balanced and unbalanced Spanish–English bilinguals

The effect of language proficiency on executive functions in balanced and unbalanced Spanish–English bilinguals

Of Kith and Kin: Perceptual Enrichment, Expectancy, and Reciprocity in Face Perception

Uncovering mechanisms in video game research: suggestions from the expert-performance approach

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About