Thoron exposure in Dutch dwellings – An overview

With, G. de; Smetsers, R.C.G.M.; Slaper, H.; Jong, Peter de

doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.12.014

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In addition, thoron progeny concentration was measured (26)(27)(28)(29)(30). The reported radon concentration ranged from a few 10 to over 100 Bq m −3 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, some papers reported discriminative monitors have been used for long-term measurements of indoor radon and thoron ( 22 – 25 ). In addition, thoron progeny concentration was measured ( 26 – 30 ). The reported radon concentration ranged from a few 10 to over 100 Bq m −3 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Cameroon study ( 29 ), thoron progeny contribution to inhalation dose was found to be 30%. Some papers showed that thoron was probably more important contribution to inhalation dose ( 27 , 30 ). A further study is required to acquire correct radon concentrations and to better evaluate the risk of lung cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The First Attempt to Reevaluate Radon and Thoron Exposure in Gansu Province Study Using Radon-Thoron Discriminating Measurement Technique

Kudo

Yoshinaga

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Although the epidemiological studies provide evidence for an increased risk of lung cancer risk associated with residential radon, an issue of radon-thoron discrimination remains to be solved. In this study, an updated evaluation of lung cancer risk among the residents in Gansu, China was performed where one of the major epidemiological studies on indoor radon demonstrated an increased risk of lung cancer. We analyzed data from a hospital-based case-control study that included 30 lung cancer cases and 39 controls with special attention to internal exposure assessment based on the discriminative measurement technique of radon isotopes. Results from the analyses showed non-significant increased lung cancer risks; odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for age, smoking, and total income were 0.35 (95% CI: 0.07–1.74) and 0.27 (95% CI: 0.04–1.74) for groups living in residences with indoor radon concentrations of 50–100 Bq m−3 and over 100 Bq m−3, respectively, compared with those with < 50 Bq m−3 indoor radon concentrations. Although the small sample size hampers the usefulness of present analyses, our study suggests that reevaluation of lung cancer risk associated with residential radon in the epidemiological studies will be required on the basis of precise exposure assessment.

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“…In addition, thoron progeny concentration was measured (26)(27)(28)(29)(30). The reported radon concentration ranged from a few 10 to over 100 Bq m −3 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The First Attempt to Reevaluate Radon and Thoron Exposure in Gansu Province Study Using Radon-Thoron Discriminating Measurement Technique

Kudo

Yoshinaga

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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“…When the typical parameters are given in Table 1 [10,12,13], EETC can be estimated with the exhalation rate of thoron as shown in Figure 4. De With et al [14] reported the thoron exhalation rate from the wall against the EETC value in the room. As the physical parameters except Surface-to-Volume (S-V) ratio are not expected to be much different in any indoor environment, EETC can be simply expressed along with the exhalation rate of thoron and S-V ratio as the Equation (6):…”

Section: Physical Property and Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Thoron (220Rn) and Its Progeny in the Indoor Environment

Tokonami

2020

IJERPH

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The present paper outlines characteristics of thoron and its progeny in the indoor environment. Since the half-life of thoron (220Rn) is very short (55.6 s), its behavior is quite different from the isotope radon (222Rn, half-life 3.8 days) in the environment. Analyses of radon and lung cancer risk have revealed a clearly positive relationship in epidemiological studies among miners and residents. However, there is no epidemiological evidence for thoron exposure causing lung cancer risk. In contrast to this, a dosimetric approach has been approved in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Publication 137, from which new dose conversion factors for radon and thoron progenies can be obtained. They are given as 16.8 and 107 nSv (Bq m−3 h)−1, respectively. It implies that even a small quantity of thoron progeny will induce higher radiation exposure compared to radon. Thus, an interest in thoron exposure is increasing among the relevant scientific communities. As measurement technologies for thoron and its progeny have been developed, they are now readily available. This paper reviews measurement technologies, activity levels, dosimetry and resulting doses. Although thoron has been underestimated in the past, recent findings have revealed that reassessment of risks due to radon exposure may need to take the presence of thoron and its progeny into account.

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“…A nationwide survey of the Tn exhalation rate and its progenies levels was conducted in the Netherlands in 2015 [8]. Indoor Tn levels were measured using RAD7 in Serbia, Australia, and Italy [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor and outdoor ²²²Rn and ²²⁰Rn and their progeny levels surrounding Bayan Obo mine, China

Wang

Zeng

et al. 2020

Nukleonika

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AbstractMore than half of the total natural ionizing radiation dose received by the human population is caused by radon and thoron (Rn and Tn) and their progeny. To estimate the level of radiation due to radon and thoron and their progeny, an investigation was conducted in a residential area near the world’s largest open-pit mine of Bayan Obo in Inner Mongolia, China. The concentration of Rn, Tn, and their decay products in air and soil were studied by using AlphaGUARD, RAD7, and ERS-RDM-2S for a discrete period of time in three different locations. The average indoor concentration of radon and thoron was 62.6 ± 44.6 Bq/m3 and 108.3 ± 94.5 Bq/m3 respectively, and the outdoor concentration was 12.9 ± 6.3 Bq/m3 and 55.8 ± 18.5 Bq/m3, respectively. Relatively high concentrations were recorded in the area near to the mine, with a significant increasing trend observed in indoor thoron concentration. A prominent hotspot in thoron concentration was found in a single-story house with values 747 ± 150 Bq/m3. The equilibrium equivalent thoron concentration (EECTn) varies from 0.48 Bq/m3 to 2.36 Bq/m3 with an arithmetic mean of 1.37 ± 0.64 Bq/m3, and comparatively higher than EECRn. Concluding that the mining activity at Bayan Obo mine is significantly increasing the level of indoor thoron and its progeny in surroundings. It is suggested to further systematically investigate the indoor Rn and Tn progeny concentrations in the residential dwellings of the Bayan Obo mining area, and 232Th content of the building materials, to provide a basis for calculating the radiation dose.

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Thoron exposure in Dutch dwellings – An overview

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

The First Attempt to Reevaluate Radon and Thoron Exposure in Gansu Province Study Using Radon-Thoron Discriminating Measurement Technique

The First Attempt to Reevaluate Radon and Thoron Exposure in Gansu Province Study Using Radon-Thoron Discriminating Measurement Technique

Characteristics of Thoron (220Rn) and Its Progeny in the Indoor Environment

Indoor and outdoor ²²²Rn and ²²⁰Rn and their progeny levels surrounding Bayan Obo mine, China

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Thoron exposure in Dutch dwellings – An overview

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

The First Attempt to Reevaluate Radon and Thoron Exposure in Gansu Province Study Using Radon-Thoron Discriminating Measurement Technique

The First Attempt to Reevaluate Radon and Thoron Exposure in Gansu Province Study Using Radon-Thoron Discriminating Measurement Technique

Characteristics of Thoron (220Rn) and Its Progeny in the Indoor Environment

Indoor and outdoor 222Rn and 220Rn and their progeny levels surrounding Bayan Obo mine, China

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Indoor and outdoor ²²²Rn and ²²⁰Rn and their progeny levels surrounding Bayan Obo mine, China