Thoria as a Fertile Component for a Liquid Metal Breeder Blanket

X-ray diffraction study of the yttria-hafnia system

“…It is noted that the liquidus temperatures of the fluorite phases remain nearly at the melting point of pure hafnia up to (40) The high temperature lattice parameters of thoria are compared with the data of other authors in Figure 11 (48,49,50,51,52,53). The percent linear thermal expansion of thoria is presented in Figure 12 and Appendix D. It is compared with the data of other authors in Figure 12 Table 8.…”

ThO2-based pellet fuels - their properties, methods of fabrication, and irradiation performance: a critical assessment of the state of the technology and recommendations for further work

“…There are four molecules of Th0 2 (or U0 2 ) per unit cell. Kempter and Elliott (1959), Mauer and Bolz (1955), and Brown and Chitty (1960) all found the Th0 2 lattice parameter at 25 0 C to be 5.5971 A. Cohen and Berman (1966) and Swanson and Tatge (1953) report values of 5.5975 A and 5.5997 A, respectively.…”

Drying characteristics of thorium fuel corrosion products

“…Firing and sintering of the thoria at high temperatures and under controlled atmosphere during fuel fabrication significantly reduces the specific surface area and the available adsorption sites [7][8][9]. Thoria samples that were fired at 600°C picked up almost an order of magnitude more water ($1.8% by weight) than similar samples fired at 1000°C [8].…”

“…Thorium oxide does have the capacity to adsorb both water and carbon dioxide quickly, and detectable quantities are taken up within minutes to within a few days [7,9,[31][32][33][34][35]. Infrared analysis indicates the presence of hydroxyl groups from hydrolysis of adsorbed water at the thorium oxide surface [32,[36][37][38].…”