Thoracolumbar epidural anaesthesia with 0.5% bupivacaine with or without methadone in goats

Abstract

BackgroundEpidural anaesthesia is one of the most commonly used locoregional techniques in ruminants. The lumbosacral epidural technique is reasonably easy to perform and requires low volumes of local anaesthetic drug to allow procedures caudal to the umbilicus. However, surgical procedures in the flank of the animal would require an increased volume of drugs. The anaesthetized area provided by thoracic epidural technique is larger than the lumbosacral technique; however the former is rather challenging to perform. Therefore, access through lumbosacral area to introduce a catheter into the thoracolumbar space is a potential alternative to thoracic access. Epidural anaesthesia is achieved with local anaesthetics; opioids can be added to improve analgesia. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 0.5% bupivacaine with or without methadone, administered through an epidural catheter inserted through the lumbosacral access and advanced to the thoracolumbar space, on thoracolumbar epidural anaesthesia in goats.MethodsSix animals received two treatments each in a randomized crossover study: BUP treatment consisted of 0.5% bupivacaine (1 mL per each 10 cm of spine column; 1 ± 0.2 mg/kg BW) and BMT treatment was the same; however 1 mL of bupivacaine was replaced by 1 mL (0.22 ± 0.03 mg/kg BW) of methadone (10 mg/mL). The treatments were administered near to T11-T12 through an epidural catheter. Motor blockade and analgesia were evaluated by electrical stimulation.ResultsHeart rate, respiratory rate, ruminal motility and rectal temperature were evaluated before and after the treatment. Motor blockade was observed on both treatments, up to 6 h post-treatment. Analgesia was observed on BUP up to 4 h and on BMT up to 6 h post-treatment. Physiological values did not change at any moment.ConclusionsBupivacaine-methadone combination promoted longer-lasting analgesia in goats compared to bupivacaine alone when administered through an epidural catheter into the thoracolumbar space.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13620-017-0093-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Algemene anesthesie voor de chirurgische behandeling van urinewegobstructie bij negen geiten

“…Reduction of the amount of anesthetics and analgesia per-and postoperatively can be achieved by the use of an epidural (Anderson and Muir, 2005). Epidural anesthesia achieved with local anesthetics and opioids has been described to provide analgesia (dos Santos Silva et al, 2017). A lumbosacral epidural anesthesia was performed in four out of twelve procedures using morphine and bupivacaine hydrochloride with the patient placed in a sternal position.…”

The Use of Epidural Anaesthesia over General Anaesthesia in Ruminants

“…Thoracolumbar epidural technique also promotes satisfactory analgesia in the animal's flank, and a larger anaesthetized area. The combination of 0.5% bupivacaine and methadone was shown to be more effective in promoting analgesia, with a short-lasting ataxic period and no undesirable effects when compared to bupivacaine alone Silva [24,25].…”

Epidural lidocaine, butorphanol, and butorphanol – lidocaine combination in dromedary camels

“…Caudal epidural anesthesia and analgesia is a widely employed method in ruminants with various painful invasive or noninvasive procedures [ 4 , 5 ], as it is safe and provides efficient analgesia in a multitude of clinical applications [ 6 ]. It furnishes desensitization of the perineum and urogenital organs, thus it is particularly useful for performing various surgical procedures or other invasive manipulations in the conscious standing animal without pain or discomfort [ 7 , 8 ].…”