Thoracic aortic rupture in horses

Ploeg, Margreet; Saey, Veronique; Loon, Gunther van; Delesalle, Cathérine

doi:10.1111/evj.12641

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…An embryological defect occurring during fusion of the proximal aorta with the heart base has been hypothesized. However, valvular abnormalities, which would be expected with an embryological disorder, are not described in affected Friesians . In human medicine, aortic rupture usually is preceded by aortic aneurysm formation, which is not the case in Friesians .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Friesian horses, aortic rupture is more common compared to Warmblood horses. 1 In contrast to Warmblood horses, [2][3][4] aortic rupture in Friesian horses typically occurs close to the ligamentum arteriosum with formation of a pseudoaneurysm and aortopulmonary fistulation. 5,6 The reason why Friesians are predisposed to aortic rupture at this specific location remains unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, valvular abnormalities, which would be expected with an embryological disorder, are not described in affected Friesians. 1 In human medicine, aortic rupture usually is preceded by aortic aneurysm formation, which is not the case in Friesians. 7 In human patients, elastin and especially collagen have been shown to be important factors contributing to aortic aneurysm formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in ultrasound‐derived arterial wall stiffness parameters and noninvasive blood pressure between Friesian horses and Warmblood horses

Vera

Clercq

Steenkiste

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background Aortic rupture is more common in Friesians compared to Warmbloods, which might be related to differences in arterial wall composition and, as such, arterial wall stiffness (AWS). Currently, nothing is known about differences in AWS between these breeds. Objectives Comparison of AWS parameters and noninvasive blood pressure between Friesians and Warmbloods. Animals One hundred one healthy Friesians and 101 age‐matched healthy Warmbloods. Methods Two‐dimensional and pulsed‐wave Doppler ultrasound examination was performed of the aorta, common carotid artery, and external iliac artery to define local and regional AWS parameters. Regional aortic AWS was estimated using aortic‐to‐external iliac artery pulse wave velocity (PWVa‐e) and carotid‐to‐external iliac artery pulse wave velocity (PWVc‐e). Noninvasive blood pressure and heart rate were recorded simultaneously. Results Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure and pulse pressure were significantly higher in Friesians compared to Warmbloods. No significant difference in heart rate was found. Most local AWS parameters (diameter change, compliance coefficient, distensibility coefficient) were significantly lower in Friesians compared to Warmbloods, indicating a stiffer aorta in Friesians. This difference could be confirmed by the regional stiffness parameters. A higher PWVa‐e and PWVc‐e was found in Friesians. For the cranial and caudal common carotid artery and external iliac artery, most local AWS parameters were not significantly different. Conclusions and clinical importance Results indicate that aortic AWS differs between Friesian and Warmblood horses. Friesians seem to have a stiffer aorta, which might be related to the higher incidence of aortic rupture in Friesians.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in ultrasound‐derived arterial wall stiffness parameters and noninvasive blood pressure between Friesian horses and Warmblood horses

Vera

Clercq

Steenkiste

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Aortic rupture is quite rare in Warmblood horses . In most cases, the horse presents with an aneurysm or tear of the aortic root .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in extracellular matrix proteins between Friesian horses with aortic rupture, unaffected Friesians and Warmblood horses

Ploeg

Gröne

Lest

et al. 2017

Equine Veterinary Journal

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SummaryBackground: Unlike in Warmblood horses, aortic rupture is quite common in Friesian horses, in which a hereditary trait is suspected. The aortic connective tissue in affected Friesians shows histological changes such as medial necrosis, elastic fibre fragmentation, mucoid material accumulation and fibrosis with aberrant collagen morphology. However, ultrastructural examination of the collagen fibres of the mid-thoracic aorta has been inconclusive in further elucidating the pathogenesis of the disease. Objectives: To assess several extracellular matrix (ECM) components biochemically in order to explore a possible underlying breed-related systemic ECM defect in Friesians with aortic rupture. Study design: Cadaver study. Methods: Tissues from affected Friesians (n = 18), unaffected Friesians (n = 10) and Warmblood horses (n = 30) were compared. Samples were taken from the thoracic aorta at the level of the rupture site, from two locations caudal to the rupture and from the deep digital flexor tendon. Total collagen content, post-translational modifications of collagen formation including lysine hydroxylation, and hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP), lysylpyridinoline (LP) and pyrrole cross-links were analysed. Additionally, elastin cross-links, glycosaminoglycan content and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity were assessed. Results: Significantly increased MMP activity and increased LP and HP cross-linking, lysine hydroxylation and elastin cross-linking were found at the site of rupture in affected Friesians. These changes may reflect processes involved in healing and aneurysm formation. Unaffected Friesians had less lysine hydroxylation and pyrrole cross-linking within the tendons compared with Warmblood horses. No differences in the matrix of the aorta were found between normal Warmbloods and Friesian horses. Main limitations: Small sample size. Conclusions: The differences in collagen parameters in tendon tissue may reflect differences in connective tissue metabolism between Friesians and Warmblood horses.

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“…However, there is always the dilemma that you find only what you look for, and that something of even greater significance may be missed simply because we don't know to look, or how to look, or when to look. It can be argued that that is why observational studies and reviews 9–12 can be so important. They may not prove anything, but they can raise fascinating and important questions and help us place our findings in an appropriate context.…”

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confidence: 99%