Thixotropic mechanism of clay: A microstructural investigation

Zhang, Xianwei; Kong, Lingwei; Yang, Ai Wu; Sayem, Hossain Md.

doi:10.1016/j.sandf.2017.01.002

Cited by 54 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Microstructure forms. There are nine types of clay microstructures existing in nature: skeleton structure, honeycomb structure, matrix structure, laminar structure, turbulent structure, magnetic domain structure, sponge structure, pseudosphere structure 36 and flocculated structure 37 . As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopic and mechanical properties of undisturbed and remoulded red clay from Guiyang, China

Zhang

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Unconsolidated-undrained (UU) tests were conducted to investigate the mechanical and morphological properties of undisturbed and remoulded red clay, with the microscopic characteristics determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The microanalysis showed that the red clay aggregate was granular, curved-slice and thin layered and flower-shaped ellipsoid, with X and Y-type cracks and pores in the undisturbed red clay. Moreover, the contact modes of red clay aggregates were point contact, line contact, surface contact and mosaic contact. In addition, the main microstructure red clay was flocculation, honeycomb and pseudosphere structures. The pores in undisturbed soil were arranged in one direction, with no obvious directionality in remoulded red clay. The pore area, perimeter and maximum length of undisturbed red clay were smaller than those of remoulded red clay, with a larger probability entropy, probability distribution index and fractal dimension of pore distribution of undisturbed red clay than remoulded red clay. UU tests showed that the shear strength of undisturbed red clay was higher than that of remoulded red clay.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopic and mechanical properties of undisturbed and remoulded red clay from Guiyang, China

Zhang

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…However, it is believed also that the presence of bentonite might have also aided strength increment in spite of its very high plasticity. This can be explained by a process called "thixotropy", as confirmed in Mitchell and Soga [51] and Zhang et al [52]. Thixotropy in this case refers to a reversible, isothermal and time-dependent process that occurs under certain compositional conditions and enables a soil material to harden upon remoulding and compaction.…”

Section: Unconfined Compressive Strengthmentioning

confidence: 95%

Microstructure and Physical-Mechanical Characteristics of Treated Kaolin-Bentonite Mixture for Application in Compacted Liner Systems

et al. 2021

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Treated bentonite-rich soils used as liner materials in landfills may provide an effective solution to the problems of increased void ratios upon swelling at reduced suction as well as desiccation cracking when suction is increased during desaturation. Accordingly, this study provides an understanding of the evolution of void ratio of the mixed materials during swelling at three different suction levels upon saturation as well as the soil water retention (SWR) during desaturation. For the treatment process, low quantity of cement binder whose production leverages raw material resources with efficient dry-process kilns and the benefit of lower energy consumption were used. Results indicated increased mixed soils’ strength irrespective of increased fines content due to thixotropy. The mixed soils exhibited almost equal values of void ratios at different hydration stages, suggesting that slightly reduced expansion mostly affects the subsequent phases of moisture ingress at full saturation compared to the natural soils. Lower values of void ratio obtained at full saturation also suggests possible reduced infiltration of water into landfills. The observed increased moisture retention within the osmotic suction zone and a decrease in the same as the fines content increased in the mixed soils can aid contaminant encapsulation while also reducing desiccation cracking. The findings of this research are intended to serve as a benchmark for further studies using other sustainable materials for treatment of mixed soils.

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“…This effect is one of the typical manifestations of thixotropic behavior. [27] The thixotropic behavior was observed for various types of samples, including mineral slurries, [28] blood, [29] or paints. [30] Certain solutions containing micelles, including thermogelling poloxamers, were also reported to exhibit thixotropic behavior.…”

Section: Effect Of Litpo On the Thixotropy Of αω-Itaconyl-plga-peg-plgamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Hydrogel Networks by Photocrosslinking of Thermoresponsive α,ω‐Itaconyl‐PLGA‐PEG‐PLGA Micelles in Water: Influence of the Lithium Phenyl‐2,4,6‐Trimethylbenzoylphosphinate Photoinitinator

Zahoranová

Vojtová

Dušička

et al. 2020

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Modification of thermogelling biodegradable copolymers with functional groups enables further covalent crosslinking of physical micelle‐based hydrogels formed at specific temperature in water. The resulting hybrid hydrogel network exhibits an increase in stiffness and degradation stability. In this work, synthesized well‐defined thermoresponsive α,ω‐itaconyl‐poly(d,l‐lactide‐co‐glycolide)‐b‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly(d,l‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (α,ω‐itaconyl‐PLGA‐PEG‐PLGA) macromonomers with a high degree of itaconyl‐substitution providing free double bonds are photocrosslinked in water at both 25 and 37 °C using lithium phenyl‐2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LiTPO) acting as water‐soluble non‐toxic photoinitiator. The effect of LiTPO on the thixotropic behavior of macromonomer in water at 25 °C without irradiation is evaluated. With the addition of a low amount of the photoinitiator (0.1 wt%), the degree of copolymer thixotropy increases. However, further increase in the photoinitiator concentration (0.5–3 wt%) leads to a lower degree of thixotropy. The photoinitiator is presumably interfering with the micellar self‐assembly of the copolymer. This trend is also reflected in photocrosslinking efficiency, where the hybrid hydrogel networks with the highest storage moduli are achieved with very low concentrations of the photoinitiator (0.1 wt%) at 25 °C, while this trend is reversed at 37 °C. The hydrolytic stability of hydrogels prepared at 37 °C from 17 wt% macromonomer solution with 1% LiTPO exceeds 22 days.

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Thixotropic mechanism of clay: A microstructural investigation

Cited by 54 publications

References 35 publications

Microscopic and mechanical properties of undisturbed and remoulded red clay from Guiyang, China

Microscopic and mechanical properties of undisturbed and remoulded red clay from Guiyang, China

Microstructure and Physical-Mechanical Characteristics of Treated Kaolin-Bentonite Mixture for Application in Compacted Liner Systems

Hybrid Hydrogel Networks by Photocrosslinking of Thermoresponsive α,ω‐Itaconyl‐PLGA‐PEG‐PLGA Micelles in Water: Influence of the Lithium Phenyl‐2,4,6‐Trimethylbenzoylphosphinate Photoinitinator

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