Thirty Years of Prospective Nationwide Incidence of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes

Abstract

OBJECTIVE During the past few decades, a rapidly increasing incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been reported from many parts of the world. The change over time has been partly explained by changes in lifestyle causing rapid early growth and weight development. The current study models and analyzes the time trend by age, sex, and birth cohort in an exceptionally large study group. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The present analysis involved 14,721 incident cases of T1D with an onset of 0–14.9 years that were recorded in the nationwide Swedish Childhood Diabetes Registry from 1978 to 2007. Data were analyzed using generalized additive models. RESULTS Age- and sex-specific incidence rates varied from 21.6 (95% CI 19.4–23.9) during 1978–1980 to 43.9 (95% CI 40.7–47.3) during 2005–2007. Cumulative incidence by birth cohort shifted to a younger age at onset during the first 22 years, but from the birth year 2000 a statistically significant reversed trend ( P < 0.01) was seen. CONCLUSIONS Childhood T1D increased dramatically and shifted to a younger age at onset the first 22 years of the study period. We report a reversed trend, starting in 2000, indicating a change in nongenetic risk factors affecting specifically young children.

Increasing prevalence of Addison's disease in German females: health insurance data 2008–2012

“…One possible explanation is a growing trend for autoimmunity in general. However, in contrast to preceding studies (14,15,16,17,18), in our cohort the prevalence data for the much more frequent autoimmune diseases type 1 diabetes mellitus and vitiligo did not change relevantly over the years 2009-2011, but the triggering and/or causative agents in rare AD may differ from those more common disorders.…”

“…An increasing incidence has been observed in AD (1,2,4,6,8) and several other autoimmune-mediated disorders in recent years, including celiac disease (13), type 1 diabetes (14,15,16,17,18), and multiple sclerosis (19). Diverse genetic variations predispose to autoimmune AD (20,21,22).…”

Trends in childhood type 1 diabetes incidence in Europe during 1989–2008: evidence of non-uniformity over time in rates of increase

“…The DIAMOND report described increasing trends in nearly every continent in the 1990s, whereas in Europe there was clear evidence that relative increases were highest in central and eastern European countries and in the under-5-year age group during the period 1989-2003. More recent analyses from Norway [3] and Finland [4] suggest that rates of increase were lower in the 1980s, with a subsequent acceleration in the 1990s. The same pattern is evident in data from Sweden [5], and that analysis additionally raises the possibility that the rapid increase in the 1990s may soon be reversed, a reduction in rates having been observed beginning with the 2000 birth cohort.…”

Socioeconomic factors, rather than diabetes mellitus per se, contribute to an excessive use of antidepressants among young adults with childhood onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: a register-based study

“…The Swedish Childhood Diabetes Registry (SCDR) is a longitudinal research project recording incident cases of type 1 diabetes since 1 July 1977, which to date has collected more than 16,000 prospective cases following informed consent from the parents [17]. The SCDR enrols children who are diagnosed with type 1 diabetes with onset before 15 years of age and reside in Sweden at the time of diagnosis.…”