Thirty-five year review of a mercury monitoring service for Scottish dental practices

Duncan, Anne; O'Reilly, Denis; McDonald, Elaine; Watkins, Thomas R.; Taylor, Michael J.

doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.2011.49

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…However, there have been no samples received from dental practices since 2015. Mercury levels were known to reduce when using pre-dosed encapsulated amalgam rather than reusable capsules and by 2009, 90% of Scottish dentists reported using encapsulated amalgam ( Duncan et al, 2011 ). To reduce the release of mercury into the environment, from January 2019, dental amalgam must be in a pre-dosed encapsulated form and amalgam separators (device to capture and remove amalgam particles from wastewater) are now mandatory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the laboratory has seen a decline in sample numbers from the mercury lighting sector, it has been suggested that this sector is undergoing market growth due to an emphasis on improving energy efficiency ( Zimmermann et al, 2014 ; Gul et al, 2020 ). Fluorescent and other mercury containing bulbs and lamps are more energy efficient than incandescent and halogen lamps; this has resulted in a significant increase in use in recent years ( Duncan et al, 2011 ; Zimmermann et al, 2014 ; Gul et al, 2020 ). This in turn has had an impact on the waste and recycling industry, leading to the creation of specific waste facilities capable of handling mercury waste with spent lamps/bulbs falling within the scope of the WEEE (waste electronic electrical equipment) directive ( Zimmermann et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological Monitoring: Evidence for Reductions in Occupational Exposure and Risk

et al. 2022

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Aims: The aim of this publication is to explore occupational exposure trends from biological monitoring data collected over a period of more than 20 years. The data is stored within the HSE database, which holds more than 950,000 results from 120,000 workers in 8,000 companies. The data were collated for all biological monitoring results for lead, mercury, benzene, and hexamethylene diisocyanate exposures where there have been some regulatory drivers within the reported time period of the data searched.Methods: Relevant results from sample analysed were extracted from the database and categorised by year from 1996 to the end of 2019 for individual blood lead results and individual urine results for mercury, benzene, and hexamethylene diisocyanate. Results were classed by broad occupational sector where possible. Data were reported graphically by analytical biomarker result (as 90th percentile (P90)) and number of samples per year as well as with overall summary statistics. To look at longer-term trends, results were also evaluated as P90 over 6-year periods.Results: In the period 1996–2019, 37,474 blood lead, 11,723 urinary mercury, 9,188 urinary S-phenylmercapturic acid (SPMA, benzene metabolite) and 21,955 urinary hexamethylene diamine (HDA, metabolite of hexamethylene diisocyanate, HDI) samples were analysed and reported. Over the time period the blood lead concentrations saw the P90 reduce from 53 μg/dl 1996) to 24 μg/dl in 2019; the P90 urinary mercury levels reduced from 13.7 μmol/mol creatinine to 2.1 μmol/mol creatinine and the P90 urinary SPMA levels reduced from 133.7 μmol/mol creatinine to 1.7 μmol/mol creatinine. For HDI the P90 results reduced from 2 µmol HDA/mol creatinine in 1996–2000 to 0.7 in 2005–2010 but levels have since increased to 1.0 µmol HDA/mol creatinine (2016–2019).Conclusion: There is strong evidence of reductions in exposure of GB workers to lead, benzene and mercury from the data presented here. These reductions may reflect the impact of national, regional and global regulatory action to reduce exposures however, the loss of high exposure industries (from either GB as a whole or just this dataset i.e., samples are being sent elsewhere) and the increase in automation or substitution also need to be considered as potential factors. The results for HDI show that whilst interventions can reduce exposures significantly, such initiatives may need to be refreshed at intervals to maintain the reductions in exposure. We have observed that exposures move between sectors over time. Waste and recycling (lead, mercury) and tunnelling through contaminated land (benzene) were sectors or tasks associated with significant exposures and may be increasingly areas of concern.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Monitoring: Evidence for Reductions in Occupational Exposure and Risk

et al. 2022

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“…Em revisão de 35 anos de monitoramento de exposição ao mercúrio em dentistas escoceses, Duncan et al (2011) afirmam que a exposição do pessoal ao mercúrio nos consultórios dentários escoceses é atualmente muito baixa, sendo provavelmente resultado de uma maior conscientização sobre a toxicidade do mercúrio e de métodos aprimorados de preparação de amálgama. Em suas análises de mercúrio nos cabelos, pelos pubianos e amostras de unhas, verificaram que as concentrações de mercúrio nas unhas dos pés aumentaram significativamente nos funcionários que usavam calçados abertos.…”

Section: P -Dentistryunclassified

“…Em estudo que avaliou a eficácia de um sistema supressor de vapor de mercúrio comercial líquido e seco, Sutow et al (2004) inferem que a eficiência do controle de emissão do mercúrio do sistema líquido pode ser influenciada pelo contato do resto de amálgama com a porção da parede interna do frasco que não está coberta por líquido. Referente ao conjunto dos resultados, diversos estudos apontam, em diferentes níveis, a existência ou possibilidade da exposição ocupacional ao vapor do mercúrio na odontologia (Babi et al, 2000;Leggat et al, 2001;Lacerda et al, 2002;American Dental Association, 2003;Harakeh et al, 2003;Lima et al, 2004;Morton et al, 2004;Krahalil et al, 2005;Rojas et al, 2006;Gioda et al, 2007;Jones et al, 2007;Stone et al, 2007;Grigiletto et al, 2008;Farahat et al, 2009;Kametani et al, 2009;De Jesus et al, 2010;Svendsen et al, 2010;Duncan et al, 2011;Neghab et al, 2011;Tezel et al, 2011;Stetvold et al, 2012;Goodrich et al, 2013b;Bennadi et al, 2014;Da Silva et al, 2014;Yilmaz et al, 2015;Goodrich et al, 2016;Negpal et al, 2017;Shirkhanlooa et al, 2017;Mirza et al, 2018;Bjørklund et al, 2019;Warwick et al, 2019;Jafari et al, 2020;Yazdaniana et al, 2020;Manyani et al, 2021;. Isso evidencia a existência de exposição ao vapor de mercúrio na odontologia quando se trata do uso do amálgama.…”

Section: P -Dentistryunclassified

Exposição ocupacional ao vapor do mercúrio metálico do amálgama dentário na saúde bucal

Lima

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Dedico este trabalho a todos os profissionais da área de segurança e saúde no trabalho que perseguem a missão de promover ambientes laborais mais seguros e saudáveis, assim como aos demais atores sociais que também atuam e lutam em defesa dessa causa.Dedico aos profissionais da saúde, em especial aos profissionais da saúde bucal, pública ou privada, pela sua contribuição na promoção da saúde e bem-estar da população.Dedico aos profissionais da educação, em especial aos professores de todos os níveis de ensino, pela dedicação à arte de educar. Que, em algum momento em nossa história, recebam o reconhecimento e prestígio que lhes são devidos. Dedico à memória de minha mãe. AGRADECIMENTOSAgradeço a Deus pela vida e saúde.À minha esposa, Patrícia, por todo incentivo e apoio durante toda essa jornada. Por todas as conversas e trocas de saberes, com as quais muito aprendi e que muito enriqueceram este trabalho.Ao meu orientador, Prof. Dr. Luiz Eugênio Nigro Mazzilli, pelo acolhimento, pela dedicação, disponibilidade, sabedoria, serenidade e conversas que tornaram esse percurso mais leve e de muito aprendizado.Aos colegas e professores do Programa de Mestrado Profissional, que tanto contribuíram para a construção de novos saberes.

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Toxic metals in toenails as biomarkers of exposure: A review

Salcedo‐Bellido

Gutiérrez‐González

García‐Esquinas

et al. 2021

Environmental Research

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Thirty-five year review of a mercury monitoring service for Scottish dental practices

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Biological Monitoring: Evidence for Reductions in Occupational Exposure and Risk

Biological Monitoring: Evidence for Reductions in Occupational Exposure and Risk

Exposição ocupacional ao vapor do mercúrio metálico do amálgama dentário na saúde bucal

Toxic metals in toenails as biomarkers of exposure: A review

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