Thirteen cave sites: settlement patterns in Sąspów Valley, Polish Jura

Kot, Małgorzata; Gryczewska, Natalia; Berto, Claudio; Wojenka, Michał; Szeliga, Marcin; Jaskulska, Elżbieta; Fetner, Rafał; Krajcarz, Magdalena; Wertz, Krzysztof; Zarzecka-Szubińska, Katarzyna; Krajcarz, Maciej T.; Hoyo, Magdalena Moskal-del; Leloch, Michał; Jakubczak, Michał

doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.155

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…All these characteristics allow the regarding of the pre-LGM cave loess units in the Polish Jura as key paleoclimate indicators, as well as climatostratigraphic units andif supported with absolute chronology or a well-constrained stratigraphic position -as lithostratigraphic markers. In the light of the accelerating number of excavations in caves and rock shelters of the Polish Jura in recent years (e.g., Sudoł et al 2013;Wojenka et al 2016Wojenka et al , 2017Kot et al, 2019Kot et al, , 2021Kot et al, , 2022aWilczyński et al 2020;Krajcarz et al 2020;Berto et al 2021), the characterization of the stratigraphic usefulness of loess deposits is of crucial importance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-LGM loess deposits in caves of Polish Jura – occurrence and stratigraphic importance

Krajcarz

2023

Acta Geologica Polonica

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Loess is an important component of cave deposits. Loess and loess-like strata in caves and rock shelters may serve as stratigraphic correlative units and paleoclimate indicators. For the Polish Jura (southern Poland), one of the key regions of cave deposits studies in Europe, the published information concerning the stratigraphic importance of loess is limited to the sequences from around the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). In this paper, a review of the archival data about loess deposits situated below the LGM strata in caves and rock shelters of the Polish Jura is presented. The paper discusses the occurrence, lithology, stratigraphy, chronology and paleoecology of the pre-LGM cave loess. The most important sites of the pre-LGM cave loess in the region include: Biśnik Cave, Nietoperzowa Cave, Mamutowa Cave, and Ciemna Cave (only the outer zones). The loess strata in these sites correlate with cold Marine Isotope Stages (MIS): mid-3, 4, 5b–d, 6, and possibly 10. They represent all the main facies of cave loess: typical eolian loess, colluviated loess-like deposits, loess with bedrock debris, and loams of complex grain-size composition but with the predominance of a loess component. Stratigraphic correlations with loess-paleosol sequences are proposed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-LGM loess deposits in caves of Polish Jura – occurrence and stratigraphic importance

Krajcarz

2023

Acta Geologica Polonica

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“…The well-dated lithological sequence of ShSIII will serve as an important reference for future inter-site regional correlations. In particular, this creates an opportunity for archaeological regional studies, especially that archaeological cave sites with Holocene sediments are still excavated in Kraków-Częstochowa Upland [181][182][183]. Because ShSIII is a small rockshelter, the archaeological excavations consumed the greater part of its sediments (Fig 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shelter in Smoleń III – A unique example of stratified Holocene clastic cave sediments in Central Europe, a lithostratigraphic stratotype and a record of regional paleoecology

et al. 2020

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A cave site Shelter in Smoleń III (southern Poland) contains an approximately 2-m-thick stratified sequence of Upper Pleistocene and Holocene clastic sediments, unique for Central Europe. The sequence contents abundant fossil fauna, including mollusk, rodent and bat remains. The cave sites with long profiles of subfossil fauna present a great value for reconstructions of regional terrestrial paleoenvironment. We explore the stratigraphy of this site through analyses of the lithology and geochemistry of sediments, radiocarbon dating of faunal and human remains and charcoals, and archaeological study, as well as the paleoecology derived from the taxonomic composition of fossil faunal assemblages. Our data show that the entire period of the Holocene is recorded in the rockshelter, which makes that site an exceptional and highly valuable case. We present paleoenvironmental reconstructions of regional importance, and we propose to regard Shelter in Smoleń III as a regional stratigraphic stratotype of Holocene clastic cave sediments.

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“…The snags were noticed only recently during a re‐examination of the collection of bird remains for a new project that aimed to determine and re‐evaluate the stratigraphy and chronology of the cave and track human and animal activity therein (Kot et al, 2019, 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During a re‐examination of bird bones from the Koziarnia Cave for a different project (Kot et al, 2019), we noticed needle‐like structures projecting from bone canals of birds, mainly from tendinous canals (details in Section 3; Figures 1–3). To the best of our knowledge, this phenomenon (hereafter referred to as snags ) has not yet been described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Where the snags are: Looking into bird bones

Wertz

Tornberg

Huhtala

et al. 2021

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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A study of bird remains from the Koziarnia Cave (Poland) revealed the presence of nearly a dozen bony shreds (snags) projecting from the natural canals in bones; the snags were made of a material that accumulated during the Late Pleistocene. This paper describes this phenomenon and determines the most probable agent responsible for its occurrence by utilizing observations of snag microstructure, taphonomic analysis of bird assemblages from Koziarnia Cave, and surveys of collected bird remains (modern and fossilized). The presence of snag may be a good qualitative indicator of an agent responsible for the accumulation of bird bones at archeological sites and could be useful in future taphonomic studies.

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Thirteen cave sites: settlement patterns in Sąspów Valley, Polish Jura

Abstract: This project aims to reconstruct the settlement patterns and palaeoenvironment of the Saspów Valley in the Polish Jura by combining unpublished archaeological fieldwork with results of recent excavations at 13 cave sites.

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

Pre-LGM loess deposits in caves of Polish Jura – occurrence and stratigraphic importance

Pre-LGM loess deposits in caves of Polish Jura – occurrence and stratigraphic importance

Shelter in Smoleń III – A unique example of stratified Holocene clastic cave sediments in Central Europe, a lithostratigraphic stratotype and a record of regional paleoecology

Where the snags are: Looking into bird bones

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