Thirdhand smoke exposure: Differences in smoke exposure indices and cultural norms between hotels and motels in South Korea

Park, Myung-Bae; Lee, Taesic; Oh, Jee Eun; Lee, Dong Hoon

doi:10.1177/1420326x211012431

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Thirdhand smoke is when an individual is exposed to substances released to the air after being absorbed into the smoker's body, clothes, walls, or curtains, even if they are not exposed to the cigarette smoke caused by others. Recent studies have reported increased urine cotinine due to thirdhand smoke, even when not exposed to secondhand smoke [26][27][28] . Second, self-report cannot measure exposure in all settings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concordance assessment through comparison with urine cotinine: Does self-report adequately reflect passive smoking?

Park¹

2023

Tob. Induc. Dis.

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INTRODUCTION There is a paucity of studies evaluating passive smoking (PS) by comparing self-report (SR) and biomarkers. Our study aimed to confirm whether SR could accurately reflect PS compared to biomarkers, a golden standard for assessing the exposure of non-smokers. METHODS We used the 2014-2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data and selected 29622 non-smokers aged >19 years as the study participants. The PS rate by SR was assessed during the last 7 days, and participants were interviewed to investigate their exposure at home, work, indoors, and in public places. In addition, participants having a limit of detection ≥0.5 ng/mL in urine cotinine (UC) was defined as the exposure group. All analyses reflected the weights of complex sampling. We first compared the rates of PS using biomarkers and SR, and then the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated based on biomarkers. RESULTS PS exposure by UC was the highest (44.4%), and the exposure by SR was significantly lower (5.1–29.5%). Kappa and sensitivity in PS in the indoor home (HPS) were lower than those in indoor workplaces (WPS) and indoor public places (PPS). Moreover, overall sensitivity and PPV were lower, and specificity and NPV were relatively higher in accuracy. Lastly, the sensitivity was poor, and the specificity was relatively good, which means that measurement by SR would identify people who were actually exposed to PS as non-exposed. CONCLUSIONS Despite exposure to PS, the use of the SR method is more likely to classify participants in the non-exposed group. Hence, to overcome measurement error in SR and reflect exposure in any place and setting, biomonitoring and SR should be performed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concordance assessment through comparison with urine cotinine: Does self-report adequately reflect passive smoking?

Park¹

2023

Tob. Induc. Dis.

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“…Moreover, interest in thirdhand smoke (THS) has grown in recent years. THS refers to exposure to indirect smoking through tobacco residue that is adsorbed into surfaces within an environment and is re-emitted to the individual remaining in the same space afterward [18,19]. Studies have reported that individuals in these circumstances do not recognize tobacco smoke, and even short-term exposure through THS can elevate cotinine concentrations in the body [20].…”

Section: Measurement Of the Prevalence Of Active And Passive Smokingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences between Self-Report and Biomarkers in Smoking Indicators: The Necessity of Biomonitoring in Global Surveillance

Park

2023

IJERPH

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“…THS poses a health risk by altering and destroying the DNA structure [10], increasing the incidence of cancer in nonsmokers [11], and emitting the same toxic substances as SHS [12]. Cotinine and nicotine concentrations reportedly increase among individuals who spend time in places in which smoking was likely to have occurred, such as places of accommodation, rental cars, and used cars [13][14][15][16]. Nonsmokers living with a smoker (even if SHS does not occur within the house) reportedly exhibit a high urine cotinine concentration [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Thirdhand Smoke Exposure after Short Visits to Public Facilities (Noraebang and Internet Cafés): A Prospective Cohort Study

Park

Sim

2022

Toxics

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We aimed to evaluate the degree of thirdhand smoke (THS) caused by short-term exposure to smoking-related substances. To this end, we evaluated the change in concentration of a smoking-related urine biomarker in volunteers before and after visiting public spaces where there is likely THS exposure. We hypothesized that a visit to such public spaces would result in an increase in such biomarkers. Participants visited one of the predetermined facilities (noraebang, PC café) and revisited the same facility after 24 h, spending around 2 h per visit. We selected creatinine-corrected urine cotinine (CUC) as a biomarker to evaluate THS. In addition, we collected nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) from surface dust at each site with cotton swabs (diameter of 2.5 cm). We examined whether CUC concentration significantly changed across three time points (baseline, first visit, and second visit) via repeated-measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA). Moreover, we analyzed the interaction to determine whether cigarette smell affects the CUC concentration. Finally, CUC and dust NNK were analyzed with Pearson’s correlation. The CUC concentration did not increase from baseline to the first visit, but increased from the baseline to the second visit (Diff = Ln [0.565] ng/mg, P < 0.01). Further, the CUC concentration increased from the first to the second visit (Diff = Ln [0.393] ng/mg, p < 0.01). In the case of the interaction effect, there were statistically significant differences in CUC concentration depending on the smell of smoke in the facility (Diff = Ln [0.325], F value = 4.438, p value = 0.041). The change in CUC concentration from baseline to the second visit (r = 0.562, p < 0.001) and from the first to the second visit (r = 0.544, p < 0.001) were correlated with NNK concentration. We evaluated whether a short stay in a facility with smoke-related substances that adhere to the surrounding environment would expose individuals to THS even if they do not smell or are directly exposed to cigarette smoke. We confirmed that even two relatively short stays (approximately 2 h each) in a facility in which people had previously smoked can lead to THS exposure.

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Thirdhand smoke exposure: Differences in smoke exposure indices and cultural norms between hotels and motels in South Korea

Cited by 4 publications

References 39 publications

Concordance assessment through comparison with urine cotinine: Does self-report adequately reflect passive smoking?

Concordance assessment through comparison with urine cotinine: Does self-report adequately reflect passive smoking?

Differences between Self-Report and Biomarkers in Smoking Indicators: The Necessity of Biomonitoring in Global Surveillance

Evaluation of Thirdhand Smoke Exposure after Short Visits to Public Facilities (Noraebang and Internet Cafés): A Prospective Cohort Study

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