Third trimester messenger RNA COVID-19 booster vaccination upsurge maternal and neonatal SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G antibody levels at birth

Kugelman, Nir; Nahshon, Chen; Shaked‐Mishan, Pninit; Cohen, Nadav; Sher, Maayan Lahav; Barsha, Hanin; Shalabna, Eiman; Zolotarevsky, Avi; Lavie, Ofer; Kedar, Reuven; Riskin-Mashiah, Shlomit

doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2022.05.029

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…When we consider the literature and our data together, it can be concluded that the most appropriate period for vaccination during pregnancy is the second trimester. 22,23 In the present study, anti-SARS CoV-2 antibodies were not detected in 15.2% of BM samples, including mothers from all three groups. This seronegativity had no association with the time of infection or vaccination.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptcontrasting

confidence: 57%

Investigation of Anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG Levels in Breast Milk after Vaccination or COVID-19 Infection

Temocin,

Çaycı,

Seren

et al. 2023

Am J Perinatol

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Objective; Newborns are vulnerable to all types of infections due to their developing immune systems. To compensate for their immune immaturity, newborns rely on the passive transfer of antibodies through the placenta and own mother’s breast milk (BM). In the present study, we investigated whether vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 leads to the presence of antibodies in BM. Furthermore, we compared the levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific anti-S IgG antibodies in the BM of mothers who were vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 or had COVID-19 infection naturally or were vaccinated after natural infection. Study Design; This was a prospective cohort study conducted in the Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Medicine. Forty-six mothers who had at least two doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA-based vaccine and/or had a history of symptomatic COVID-19 infection were included in the study. Breast milk samples were analyzed by the Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant kit following the manufacturer's instructions. Results; 46 mothers with an average age of 29.7 ±5.7 years participated in the study: 18 (39.1%) had COVID-19 infection + BTN162b2 vaccine, 17 (37.0%) had BTN162b2 vaccine, and 11 (23.9%) had natural infection group. The highest SARS-CoV-2-specific anti-S IgG antibody titers in BM were found in mothers who were vaccinated following the infection (anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG: 32.48 ±57.1 AU/mL). However, no significant difference in anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels was observed between the three groups (p=0,641). No antibody was detected in 15.2% of BM samples. Conclusion; Both vaccination and natural COVID-19 infection during pregnancy leads to the passive transfer of specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies to BM. These results are important to overcome vaccine hesitancy and increase vaccination levels in expectant mothers.

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptcontrasting

confidence: 57%

Investigation of Anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG Levels in Breast Milk after Vaccination or COVID-19 Infection

Temocin,

Çaycı,

Seren

et al. 2023

Am J Perinatol

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“…Another Israeli study compared pregnant women vaccinated with a COVID-19 vaccine with pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2; in the comparison, 100% maternal and 98.3% cord blood serum samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG, illustrating that infection with SARS-CoV-2 and vaccination can induce strong maternal immunity during pregnancy and that IgG can be effectively transferred [ 43 ]. As shown in Table 2 , studies from the United States, Poland, and other countries have obtained similar results through the follow-up of vaccinated pregnant women [ 44 , 45 , 46 ]. In addition to the placental pathway, antibodies were found to be present in the milk of pregnant women injected with an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine [ 47 ], suggesting that immune transfer to the newborn might also be possible through breast milk.…”

Section: Maternal Antibody Transfer After Sars-cov-2 Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 67%

Transplacental Transfer of Maternal Antibody against SARS-CoV-2 and Its Influencing Factors: A Review

Liu

Zhang

2022

Vaccines

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Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, the disease has rapidly become a global threat. The constant emergence of new variants has increased the difficulty of controlling this disease. Vaccination is still considered the most effective method to prevent COVID-19. Vaccination has expanded to include children aged 3–17 years old, and some countries have lowered the age of vaccination to 6 months (for example, the United States). However, children under 3 years old are still not able to be vaccinated in most countries. In this study, we summarize the COVID-19 vaccination status in pregnant women, comprehensively elaborate on the status of maternal immune response and maternal antibody transfer after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and vaccination, and further analyze the possible influencing factors of maternal antibody transfer according to the currently available evidence on the topic. It was concluded that pregnant women develop an immune response and produce antibodies that can be transmitted through the placenta after vaccination, but more data are needed to determine the transfer rate and duration of these maternal antibodies and potential factors. The results provide a scientific basis for studying the protective effect of maternal antibodies on infants, formulating a vaccination strategy for pregnant women, and preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants.

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“…However, clinical data on the durability and benefits of maternal hybrid immunization remain limited. Information on this type of protection stems from studies investigating maternal and newborn protective antibody levels, which indicate high levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobulins in maternal blood, cord blood, and milk after vaccinating recovered pregnant women, compared to recovered non-vaccinated pregnant women 13 , 19 , 20 . Our study further expands current knowledge with substantial clinical data, illustrating how maternal hybrid immunity translates to early infant protection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal hybrid immunity and risk of infant COVID-19 hospitalizations: national case-control study in Israel

Guedalia,

Lipschuetz,

Cahen-Peretz

et al. 2024

Nat Commun

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Hybrid immunity, acquired through vaccination followed or preceded by a COVID-19 infection, elicits robust antibody augmentation. We hypothesize that maternal hybrid immunity will provide greater infant protection than other forms of COVID-19 immunity in the first 6 months of life. We conducted a case-control study in Israel, enrolling 661 infants up to 6 months of age, hospitalized with COVID-19 (cases) and 59,460 age-matched non-hospitalized infants (controls) between August 24, 2021, and March 15, 2022. Infants were grouped by maternal immunity status at delivery: Naïve (never vaccinated or tested positive, reference group), Hybrid-immunity (vaccinated and tested positive), Natural-immunity (tested positive before or during the study period), Full-vaccination (two-shot regimen plus 1 booster), and Partial-vaccination (less than full three shot regimen). Applying Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the hazard ratios, which was then converted to percent vaccine effectiveness, and using the Naïve group as the reference, maternal hybrid-immunity provided the highest protection (84% [95% CI 75-90]), followed by full-vaccination (66% [95% CI 56-74]), natural-immunity (56% [95% CI 39-68]), and partial-vaccination (29% [95% CI 15-41]). Maternal hybrid-immunity was associated with a reduced risk of infant hospitalization for Covid-19, as compared to natural-immunity, regardless of exposure timing or sequence. These findings emphasize the benefits of vaccinating previously infected individuals during pregnancy to reduce COVID-19 hospitalizations in early infancy.

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Third trimester messenger RNA COVID-19 booster vaccination upsurge maternal and neonatal SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G antibody levels at birth

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Investigation of Anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG Levels in Breast Milk after Vaccination or COVID-19 Infection

Investigation of Anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG Levels in Breast Milk after Vaccination or COVID-19 Infection

Transplacental Transfer of Maternal Antibody against SARS-CoV-2 and Its Influencing Factors: A Review

Maternal hybrid immunity and risk of infant COVID-19 hospitalizations: national case-control study in Israel

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