Third-harmonic light polarization control in magnetically resonant silicon metasurfaces

Tognazzi, Andrea; Okhlopkov, Kirill I.; Zilli, Attilio; Rocco, Davide; Fagiani, Luca; Mafakheri, Erfan; Bollani, Monica; Finazzi, Marco; Celebrano, Michele; Shcherbakov, Maxim R.; Fedyanin, Andrey A.; Angelis, Costantino De

doi:10.1364/oe.419829

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…To investigate the nonlinear emission of the metasurfaces, we employed a home-made confocal microscope coupled with an ultrafast pump laser with emission centered at λ = 1551 nm and delivering 160 fs pulses at 80 MHz repetition rate (OneFive Origami, NKT Photonics). The experimental setup was already described elsewhere (see reference [33] for details). Briefly, to excite the whole metasurface, the fundamental pump beam is focused to the back-focal-plane (BFP) of a 60× objective (Nikon, CFI Plan Fluor 60XC, numerical aperture, NA = 0.85) mounted on-axis to obtain a collimated beam that impinges at normal incidence on the sample.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable second harmonic generation by an all-dielectric diffractive metasurface embedded in liquid crystals

et al. 2022

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We experimentally demonstrate the possibility to modulate the second harmonic power emitted by nonlinear AlGaAs metasurfaces embedded in a liquid crystal (LC) matrix. This result is obtained by changing the relative in-plane orientation between the LC director and the linear polarization of the light at the excitation wavelength. According to numerical simulations, second-harmonic is efficiently radiated by the metasurfaces thanks to the sizeable second-order susceptibility of the material and the resonant excitation of either electric or magnetic dipole field distributions inside each meta-atom at the illuminating fundamental wavelength. This resonant behavior strongly depends on the geometric parameters, the crystallographic orientation, and the anisotropy of the metasurface, which can be optimized to modulate the emitted second harmonic power by about one order of magnitude. The devised hybrid platforms are therefore appealing in view of enabling the electrical control of flat nonlinear optical devices.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable second harmonic generation by an all-dielectric diffractive metasurface embedded in liquid crystals

et al. 2022

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“…Unlike second-order effects, third-order nonlinearities are not nulled in centrosymmetric environments, making both crystalline and amorphous media of equal interest to study THG. Explored high-index and mid-index dielectric materials for THG at subwavelength volumes include Si, ,− Ge, , AlGaAs, TiO 2 , and ZnO, whose basic optical properties are summarized in Table . For cubic crystals belonging to the 4̅3 m point group, such as the first three materials listed, there are two independent elements of χ (3) for the THG process, while for their amorphous (isotropic) versions, there is only one .…”

Section: Third Harmonic Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear Dielectric Nanoantennas and Metasurfaces: Frequency Conversion and Wavefront Control

Grinblat

2021

ACS Photonics

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High-index dielectric nanostructures can support optical resonances of electric and magnetic character with ultralow linear absorption. In contrast to plasmonics, they can be engineered to confine electromagnetic fields inside the resonator, amplifying intrinsic nonlinearities of the dielectric. In this Review I examine the ability of dielectric nanoantennas and metasurfaces for efficient harmonic generation and wave-mixing processes, as well as nonlinear wavefront manipulation of the incident and radiated light. A detailed comparison is made between the many nanoscopic dielectric configurations reported in the literature, evaluating the influence of the material, crystal symmetry, structure geometry, and the different resonances involved (electric and magnetic Mie modes, Fano resonances, and quasi-nonradiative states, including anapoles and quasi-bound states in the continuum). The nonlinear performance of the nanosystems is analyzed, with emphasis on frequency conversion efficiency and emission directionality control, also discussing recent advances in nonlinear imaging, nonlinear holography, and all-optical switching. The role of topology in nonlinear nanophotonics is reviewed in the end, and potential future directions in the field are laid out.

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“…However, introducing all‐dielectric nanostructures made of high refractive index materials with strong nonlinear coefficients allows us to boost the nonlinear conversion efficiency by several orders and introduce certain functionalities. [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ] These high index nanostructures support diverse spatial electromagnetic modes to couple the nonlinear coefficients of the material to the external electromagnetic field. Two important categories of these modes in the context of nonlinear optics are the Mie modes and the bound states in the continuum (BIC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Frequency Conversion with Geometric Phase Control in Optical Metasurfaces

et al. 2022

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Metasurfaces have appeared as a versatile platform for miniaturized functional nonlinear optics due to their design freedom in tailoring wavefronts. The key factor that limits its application in functional devices is the low conversion efficiency. Recently, dielectric metasurfaces governed by either high‐quality factor modes (quasi‐bound states in the continuum) or Mie modes, enabling strong light–matter interaction, have become a prolific route to achieve high nonlinear efficiency. Here, an effective way of spatial nonlinear phase control by using the Pancharatnam–Berry phase principle with a high third harmonic conversion efficiency of 10 −4 W −2 is demonstrated both numerically and experimentally. It is found that the magnetic Mie resonance appears to be the main contributor to the third harmonic response, while the contribution from the quasi‐bound states in the continuum is negligible. This is confirmed by a phenomenological model based on coupled anharmonic oscillators. Besides, the metasurface provides experimentally a high diffraction efficiency (80%–90%) in both polarization channels. A functional application of this approach is shown by experimentally reconstructing an encoded polarization‐multiplexed vortex beam array with different topological charges at the third harmonic frequency with high fidelity. The approach has the potential viability for future on‐chip nonlinear signal processing and wavefront control.

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Third-harmonic light polarization control in magnetically resonant silicon metasurfaces

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

Tunable second harmonic generation by an all-dielectric diffractive metasurface embedded in liquid crystals

Tunable second harmonic generation by an all-dielectric diffractive metasurface embedded in liquid crystals

Nonlinear Dielectric Nanoantennas and Metasurfaces: Frequency Conversion and Wavefront Control

Efficient Frequency Conversion with Geometric Phase Control in Optical Metasurfaces

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